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        Co-integration analysis of captureerecapture method in toad, Phrynoidis aspera (Gravenhorst, 1829)

        Anuar Mohd Sar Shahrul,Taofik Oyedele Dauda,C.C. Hong,Evan Quah,Taiwo Omodele 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.1

        The Asian giant toad, Phrynoidis aspera, research is faced mainly with twin challenges of conservationand efficient sampling techniques for research purposes. This research is therefore conducted to assessthe co-integration feature of the captureerecapture methods and to evaluate both long- and short-termeffect of capture on the recapture of P. aspera using Titi Kerawang waterfall (N05 24.23/E100 13.41/),Teluk Bahang. Toads encountered in the study area were caught and marked using PIT tags weekly. Dataobtained were subjected to summary statistics (mean, standard error, and variance), correlogram, crosscorrelogram, stationary test, and exogenous and endogenous variable determination. Mean Asian gianttoad recaptured fell between three for the 2nd week and 25 for the 14th week. For the capture, the rangewas between zero for the 12th week and nine for the 3rd week, while the 1st capture was 12 toads. Therewas no visible similarity in the variances of the toad indices indicated by the correlogram of both captureand recapture as well as their cross-correlogram. The cross-correlogram ranged between 0.6665 and0.4029. From these results, randomness of data as well as their independence can thus be established. Also, the results portray that the summary statistics does not present any visible stationary trend in bothtoad capture and recapture. The raw data can therefore be said to be nonstationary (that is variance oftoad capture/recapture in a week, xt is not dependent on preceding week, xt-1). The augmented DickeyeFuller statistics of both capture (0.97294 to 3.92035) and recapture (1.13288 to 4.00443) indicatedstrong evidence that both capture and recapture series of the nontransformed data on the long run areI(1). The short-run co-integration according to this study contrast with the long-run co-integration.

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