Validation of Combs prognostic scoring system in Indian recurrent glioma patients treated with re-radiation

Debnarayan Dutta(Debnarayan Dutta ),Meenu Jose(Meenu Jose ),Sruthi Kalavagunta(Sruthi Kalavagunta ),Ajay Sasidharan(Ajay Sasidharan ),Haridas Nair(Haridas Nair ),Annex H. Edappattu(Annex H. Edappattu 대한방사선종양학회 2024 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.42 No.1

Purpose: Retrospective audit of recurrent glioma patients treated by different fractionation schedules and to validate the modified Combs prognostic score in Indian patient cohort. Materials and Methods: Between Jan 2009 and June 2022, 66 recurrent gliomas patients treated with standard adjuvant treatment—radiation (RT) ± temozolomide (chemotherapy)—and re-treated with RT (± chemotherapy) were categorized as per modified Combs prognostic criteria and outcomes were compared. Results: Sixty-six patients with recurrent gliomas who received reirradiation (re-RT) were audited—53% males; 61% Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥80 at time of re-RT; median age 41.5 years (range, 6 to 70 years); 67% <50 years; primary histology low-grade glioma in 33% ; grade III 27%, grade IV 40%; initial median dose of 60 Gy equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2); maximum safe resection at recurrence 41%; mean and median follow-up 78 ± 51 months and 66 months. Mean time interval between RT was 46.4 ± 39 months. Mean planning target volume (PTV) volume in conventional RT (Conv-RT), hypofractionated RT (Hypo-RT), and ultra-hypofractionated RT (UF-RT) was 226.1 ± 140.7 mL, 162.8 ± 123.3 mL, and 143.3 ± 145.8 mL. Mean dose for Conv-RT, Hypo-RT, and UF-RT was 50 Gy (range, 40 to 60), 31 Gy (range, 20 to 40), and 20 Gy (range, 10 to 30). Mean overall survival (OS) in Conv-RT, Hypo-RT, and UF-RT cohort was 18.8 months (range, 2.4 to 76.8); 6.6 months (range, 2 to 17.4), and 13.9 months (range, 3 to 131.9). Median OS as per Combs criteria were 16.6 months (Group a), 24.6 months (Group b), 4.6 months (Group c), and 3 months (Group d). Significant survival benefit was with good KPS score (KPS >80 vs. <80; 20.46 vs. 5.25 months; p < 0.001), patients receiving salvage chemotherapy (20.46 vs. 6.96 months; p = 0.001), and patients received re-RT biological equivalent dose (BED3) >80 Gy (16.62 vs. 5.48 months; p = 0.03). Median overall survival (OS) in our patient cohort and Combs cohort in Group a was 16.6 and 19.5 months; Group b was 24.6 and 11.3 months; Group c was 4.7 and 8.1 months, and Group d was 2 and 5.5 months, respectively. Six months survival in our patient cohort and Combs cohort in Groups a, b, c, d were 100%, 92%, 34%, 17% and 94%, 79%, 70%, 41%, respectively. Twelve months survival in our patient cohort and Combs cohort in Groups a, b, c, d were 88%, 74%, 22%, 0% and 88%, 47%, 22%, 7%, respectively. Conclusion: Modified Combs prognostic factors predicts OS and is applicable in Indian subcontinent patient population.

Evidence of Multimeric Forms of HSP70 with Phosphorylation on Serine and Tyrosine Residues - Implications for Roles of HSP70 in Detection of GI Cancers

Dutta, Anand,Girotra, Mohit,Merchant, Nipun,Nair, Padmanabhan,Dutta, Sudhir Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: Heat-shock protein70 (HSP70) are intracellular protein chaperones, with emerging evidence of their association with various diseases. We have previously reported significantly elevated plasma-HSP70 (pHSP70) in pancreatic cancer. Current methods of pHSP70 isolation are ELISA-based which lack specificity due to cross-reactivity by similarities in the amino-acid sequence in regions of the protein backbone resulting in overestimated HSP70 value. Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken to develop a methodology to capture all isoforms of pHSP70, while further defining their tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status. Results: The methodology included gel electrophoresis on centrifuged supernatant obtained from plasma incubated with HSP70 antibody-coupled beads. After blocking non-specific binding sites, blots were immunostained with monoclonal-antibody specific for human-HSP70, phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine. Conclusions: Our novel immunocapture approach has distinct advantages over the commercially available methods of pHSP70 quantification by allowing isolation of molecular aggregates of HSP70 with additional ability to precisely distinguish phosphorylation state of HSP70 molecules at serine and tyrosine residues.

Unexpected halide anion binding modes in <i>meso</i>-bis-ethynyl picket-calix[4]pyrroles: effects of <i>meso</i>-π (ethynyl) extension

Dutta, Ranjan,Firmansyah, Dikhi,Kim, Jihoon,Jo, Hongil,Ok, Kang Min,Lee, Chang-Hee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Chemical communications Vol.54 No.57

<P><I>meso</I>-Ethynyl extended aryl-picket calix[4]pyrroles 2 and 3 are designed and synthesized by directly anchoring arylethynyl groups at diametrically opposed <I>meso</I>-positions. The critical roles of direct ethynyl linkers are manifested through the isolation of unexpected host-anion conformers of <I>meso</I>-arylethynyl calix[4]pyrroles and a significant enhancement in halide binding affinities.</P>

Low-Interference Washing-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor Using Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase as an Enzyme Label

Dutta, Gorachand,Park, Seonhwa,Singh, Amardeep,Seo, Jeongwook,Kim, Sinyoung,Yang, Haesik American Chemical Society 2015 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.87 No.7

<P>In washing-free electrochemical detection, various redox and reactive species cause significant interference. To minimize this interference, we report a washing-free electrochemical immunosensor using flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate (GP) as an enzyme label and its substrate, respectively, because the reaction of FAD-dependent dehydrogenases with dissolved O<SUB>2</SUB> is slow and the level of GP preexisting in blood is low (<0.1 mM). A combination of a low electrocatalytic indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode and fast electron-mediating Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> is employed to obtain a high signal-to-background ratio via proximity-dependent electron mediation of Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> between the ITO electrode and the GPDH label. Electrochemical oxidation of GPDH-generated Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>2+</SUP> is performed at 0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl, at which point the electrochemical interference is very low. When a washing-free immunosensor is applied to cardiac troponin I detection in human serum, the calculated detection limit is approximately 10 pg/mL, indicating that the immunosensor is very sensitive in spite of the use of washing-free detection with a short detection period (10 min for incubation and 100 s for electrochemical measurement). The low-interference washing-free electrochemical immunosensor shows good promise for fast and simple point-of-care testing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2015/ancham.2015.87.issue-7/ac504485a/production/images/medium/ac-2014-04485a_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac504485a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Bi-Event Subtraction Technique at hadron colliders

Dutta, B.,Kamon, T.,Kolev, N.,Krislock, A. North-Holland Pub. Co 2011 Physics letters: B Vol.703 No.4

We propose the Bi-Event Subtraction Technique (BEST) as a method of modeling and subtracting large portions of the combinatoric background during reconstruction of particle decay chains at hadron colliders. The combinatoric background arises when it is impossible to know experimentally which observed particles come from the decay chain of interest. The background shape can be modeled by combining observed particles from different collision events and be subtracted away, greatly reducing the overall background. This idea has been demonstrated in various experiments in the past. We generalize it by showing how to apply BEST multiple times in a row to fully reconstruct a cascade decay. We show the power of BEST with two simulated examples of its application towards reconstruction of the top quark and a supersymmetric decay chain at the Large Hadron Collider.

A CHARACTERISTICS-BASED IMPLICIT FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INSTABILITY IN WATER COOLED REACTORS

Dutta, Goutam,Doshi, Jagdeep B. Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.6

The objective of the paper is to analyze the thermally induced density wave oscillations in water cooled boiling water reactors. A transient thermal hydraulic model is developed with a characteristics-based implicit finite-difference scheme to solve the nonlinear mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in a time-domain. A two-phase flow was simulated with a one-dimensional homogeneous equilibrium model. The model treats the boundary conditions naturally and takes into account the compressibility effect of the two-phase flow. The axial variation of the heat flux profile can also be handled with the model. Unlike the method of characteristics analysis, the present numerical model is computationally inexpensive in terms of time and works in a Eulerian coordinate system without the loss of accuracy. The model was validated against available benchmarks. The model was extended for the purpose of studying the flow-induced density wave oscillations in forced circulation and natural circulation boiling water reactors. Various parametric studies were undertaken to evaluate the model's performance under different operating conditions. Marginal stability boundaries were drawn for type-I and type-II instabilities in a dimensionless parameter space. The significance of adiabatic riser sections in different boiling reactors was analyzed in detail. The effect of the axial heat flux profile was also investigated for different boiling reactors.

Washing-Free Heterogeneous Immunosensor Using Proximity-Dependent Electron Mediation between an Enzyme Label and an Electrode

Dutta, Gorachand,Kim, Sinyoung,Park, Seonhwa,Yang, Haesik American Chemical Society 2014 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.86 No.9

<P>Washing processes, essential in most heterogeneous labeled assays, have been a big hurdle in simplifying the detection procedure and reducing assay time. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to washing-free heterogeneous labeled assays. We report a purely washing-free immunosensor that allows fast, sensitive, and single-step detection of prostate-specific antigen in serum with low interference. Proximity-dependent electron mediation of ferrocenemethanol (Fc) between an indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a glucose-oxidase (GOx) label allows us to discriminate between a bound and an unbound label: a bound label offers faster electron mediation than an unbound one. The electrooxidation of Fc at a low applied potential (0.13 V vs Ag/AgCl) and a low electrocatalytic ITO electrode and the oxidation of <SMALL>l</SMALL>-ascorbic acid by <SMALL>l</SMALL>-ascorbate oxidase minimize the effect of the interfering species. With a high concentration of glucose (200 mM), the signal and background levels are hardly dependent on the glucose-concentration variation in the sample. The washing-free immunosensor can detect a concentration of ca. 1 pg/mL for mouse IgG in phosphate-buffered saline and a concentration of ca. 10 pg/mL for prostate-specific antigen spiked in female serum after an incubation period of 10 min. The concentrations measured with actual clinical serum samples are in good agreement with the concentrations measured with a commercial instrument, which renders the washing-free heterogeneous immunosensor appealing for practical use.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2014/ancham.2014.86.issue-9/ac5006487/production/images/medium/ac-2014-006487_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac5006487'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Adaptive Hypermedia for eLearning: An Implementation Framework

Dutta, Diptendu,Majumdar, Shyamal,Majumdar, Chandan Korea Multimedia Society 2003 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.6 No.4

eLearning can be defined as an approach to teaching and teaming that utilises Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context. This includes technology that supplements traditional classroom training with web-based components and learning environments where the educational process is experienced online. The use of hypertext as an educational tool has a very rich history. The advent of the internet and one of its major application, the world wide web (WWW), has given a tremendous boost to the theory and practice of hypermedia systems for educational purposes. However, the web suffers from an inability to satisfy the heterogeneous needs of a large number of users. For example, web-based courses present the same static teaming material to students with widely differing knowledge of the subject. Adaptive hypermedia techniques can be used to improve the adaptability of eLearning. In this paper we report an approach to the design a unified implementation framework suitable for web-based eLearning that accommodates the three main dimensions of hypermedia adaptation: content, navigation, and presentation. The framework externalises the adaptation strategies using XML notation. The separation of the adaptation strategies from the source code of the eLearning software enables a system using the framework to quickly implement a variety of adaptation strategies. This work is a part of our more general ongoing work on the design of a framework for adaptive content delivery. parts of the framework discussed in this paper have been imulemented in a commercial eLearning engine.

Flame Analysis Using a Reduced Mechanism in a Furnace Using Hydrocarbon Fuel

Dutta Mihir,Ki Yong Lee(이기용) 한국연소학회 2023 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

Global demand for rare earth resources and strategies for green mining

Dutta, Tanushree,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Uchimiya, Minori,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Deep, Akash,Yun, Seong-Taek Elsevier 2016 Environmental research Vol.150 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential raw materials for emerging renewable energy resources and ‘smart’ electronic devices. Global REE demand is slated to grow at an annual rate of 5% by 2020. This high growth rate will require a steady supply base of REEs in the long run. At present, China is responsible for 85% of global rare earth oxide (REO) production. To overcome this monopolistic supply situation, new strategies and investments are necessary to satisfy domestic supply demands. Concurrently, environmental, economic, and social problems arising from REE mining must be addressed. There is an urgent need to develop efficient REE recycling techniques from end-of-life products, technologies to minimize the amount of REEs required per unit device, and methods to recover them from fly ash or fossil fuel-burning wastes.</P>