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        Architectural Modifications for Flexible Supercapacitor Performance Optimization

        Jari Keskinen,Suvi Lehtimäki,Arman Dastpak,Sampo Tuukkanen,Timo Flyktman,Thomas Kraft,Anna Railanmaa,Donald Lupo 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

        We have developed material and architectural alternatives for flexiblesupercapacitors and investigated their effect on practical performance. The substrate alternatives include paperboard as well as variouspolyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and laminates, with aqueousNaCl electrolyte used in all devices. In all the supercapacitors, activatedcarbon is used as the active layer and graphite ink as the currentcollector, with various aluminium or copper structures applied toenhance the current collectors’ conductivity. The capacitance of thesupercapacitors was between 0.05 F and 0.58 F and their equivalentseries resistance (ESR) was from <1 Ω to 14 Ω, depending mainly on thecurrent collector structure. Furthermore, leakage current and selfdischargerates were defined and compared for the various architectures. The barrier properties of the supercapacitor encapsulation have a clearcorrelation with leakage current, as was clearly shown by the lowerleakage in devices with an aluminium barrier layer. A cycle life testshowed that after 40000 charge-discharge cycles the capacitancedecreases by less than 10%.

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        Pigment-Cellulose Nanofibril Composite and Its Application as a Separator-Substrate in Printed Supercapacitors

        Katariina Torvinen,Suvi Lehtimäki,Janne T. Keränen,Jenni Sievänen,Jari Vartiainen,Erkki Hellén,Donald Lupo,Sampo Tuukkanen 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.6

        Pigment-cellulose nanofibril (PCN) composites were manufactured in a pilot line and used as a separator-substrate in printed graphene and carbon nanotube supercapacitors. The composites consisted typically of 80% pigment and 20% cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). This composition makes them a cost-effective alternative as a substrate for printed electronics at high temperatures that only very special plastic films can nowadays stand. The properties of these substrates can be varied within a relatively large range by the selection of raw materials and their relative proportions. A semiindustrial scale pilot line was successfully used to produce smooth, flexible, and nanoporous composites, and their performance was tested in a double functional separator-substrate element in supercapacitors. The nanostructural carbon films printed on the composite worked simultaneously as high surface area active electrodes and current collectors. Low-cost supercapacitors made from environmentally friendly materials have significant potential for use in flexible, wearable, and disposable low-end products.

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