A Comparative Performance Analysis of Feature Extraction Techniques for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Diwaker,Manoj Kumar Chaudhary,Praveen Tripathi,Ashutosh Bhatt,Abhay Saxena 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.12

Obtaining thematic maps using image classification techniques from hyperspectral datasets is a very difficult image processing task. In hyperspectral image analysis dimensionality reduction is one of the challenging pre-processing tasks, which is achieved using feature extraction techniques. The beauty of these techniques is that they drastically reduces the dimensionality of image and at the same time preserves the majority of the essential information. In this paper few most frequently used dimensionality reduction methods are being investigated, which helps to get accurateness. This research work presents a relative performance investigation of few mostly frequently used feature extraction techniques like Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE), Non-Parametric Weighted Feature Extraction (NWFE), Discriminative analysis feature extraction (DAFE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The classification is carried out using two most widely used classification techniques including Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML) and neural network (NNs). The results obtained after performing experiments indicates that Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE) technique has provided the best accuracy among various investigated feature extraction techniques. The application areas of this research include areas like identification of exact location in battle field, drought affected areas, flooded areas and weather forecasting etc.

On the Micchelli combinations of modified beta operators

Diwaker Sharma,Om Prakash,Prerna Maheshwari 장전수학회 2012 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.15 No.4

In the present paper, we study modified Beta operator with the weight function of Baskakov basis function. We extend the result of [3] and study simultaneous approximation properties of these operators, we estimate the local direct result in terms of modulus of continuity. Here we improve the order of approximation for these operators by applying iterative condition. We also establish an asymptotic formula and error estimate in terms of higher order modulus of continuity in simultaneous approximation for the iterative combinations (see also [9]) of these operators.

Extracellular ATP Acts on Jasmonate Signaling to Reinforce Plant Defense

Tripathi, Diwaker,Zhang, Tong,Koo, Abraham J.,Stacey, Gary,Tanaka, Kiwamu American Society of Plant Biologists 2018 Plant Physiology Vol.176 No.1

<P>Extracellular ATP signaling, mediated by the P2K1 receptor, directly changes the stability of JAZ1 protein in JA signaling to boost plant defense response.</P><P>Damaged cells send various signals to stimulate defense responses. Recent identification and genetic studies of the plant purinoceptor, P2K1 (also known as DORN1), have demonstrated that extracellular ATP is a signal involved in plant stress responses, including wounding, perhaps to evoke plant defense. However, it remains largely unknown how extracellular ATP induces plant defense responses. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular ATP induces plant defense mediated through activation of the intracellular signaling of jasmonate (JA), a well-characterized defense hormone. In Arabidopsis (<I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>) leaves, ATP pretreatment induced resistance against the necrotrophic fungus, <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>. The induced resistance was enhanced in the P2K1 receptor overexpression line, but reduced in the receptor mutant, <I>dorn1</I>-<I>3</I>. Mining the transcriptome data revealed that ATP induces a set of JA-induced genes. In addition, the P2K1-associated coexpression network contains defense-related genes, including those encoding jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which play key roles as repressors of JA signaling. We examined whether extracellular ATP impacts the stability of JAZ1 in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the JAZ1 stability decreased in response to ATP addition in a proteasome-dependent manner. This reduction required intracellular signaling via second messengers—cytosolic calcium, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. Interestingly, the ATP-induced JAZ1 degradation was attenuated in the JA receptor mutant, <I>coi1</I>, but not in the JA biosynthesis mutant, <I>aos</I>, or upon addition of JA biosynthesis inhibitors. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that ATP increases the interaction between COI1 and JAZ1, suggesting direct cross talk between extracellular ATP and JA in intracellular signaling events. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular ATP signaling directly impacts the JA signaling pathway to maximize plant defense responses.</P>

In situ gel of lamotrigine for augmented brain delivery: development characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation

Poonam Parashar,Naresh Diwaker,Jovita Kanoujia,Mahendra Singh,Abhishek Yadav,Indu Singh,Shubhini A. Saraf 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.1

Purpose Treatment of epilepsy faces immense challenge and often fails due to pharmaco-resistance and incapability of antiepileptic drug to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). This problem demands an alternate, newer effective delivery approach. The intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a preferential route because of its ability to deliver drug directly to brain, facilitated through unique anatomy of the nasal cavity. The purpose of present study was to formulate and characterize in situ gel of lamotrigine (LGT) for delivery via nasal route. Methods The in situ gel was prepared using cold method utilizing sodium alginate, chitosan and methyl cellulose. The in vitro characterization of gel was performed for pH, gelation, drug content, viscosity, gel strength, in vitro release, and mucoadhesive strength. Results The clear in situ gel consisting of sodium alginate (0.05% w/v) and chitosan (0.25% w/v), showed 76.05% drug release in 8 h with pH 5.30 ± 0.07, drug content 94.93% and gel strength 46.00 ± 2.00 s. Further, the optimized (IG8) formulation was subjected for ex vivo permeation study and histopathological analysis. The amount of LGT in brain and plasma was determined pharmacokinetically in rat model. An enhanced brain concentration (200% approximately) of LGT was achieved (AUC last 9.33 ± 2.54 μg h/mL, Cmax 1.41 ± 0.15 μg/mL) in case of in situ gel when compared with oral drug suspension (AUC last 4.78 ± 1.98 mcg h/mL, Cmax 0.84 ± 0.28 μg/mL). Conclusion In situ gel of LGT via intranasal route can be taken as a viable alternative to the conventional antiepileptic drug delivery.

Floral Biology and Flowering Phenology of Jatropha Curcas

Amritpal S. Singh,Mukesh P. Patel,Tanmay K. Patel,D. R. Delvadia,Diwaker R. Patel,Nitish Kumar,Subhash Naraynan,Ranbir S. Fougat 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2010 Journal of Forest Science Vol.26 No.2

Jatropha curcas is an oil bearing species with multiple uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel plant. Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. The present study describes the floral biology and flowering phenology of J. curcas which is a prerequisite for hybridization program for genetic improvement through conventional breeding. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. This study includes a description of the inflorescence, flower anatomy of both male and female flowers, female : male ratio, pollen : ovule ratio, flowering phenology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, comparison of selfing methods and a comparison of geitonogamy and xenogamy. This information may be useful in J. curcas breeding programmes.

Floral Biology and Flowering Phenology of Jatropha Curcas

Singh, Amritpal S.,Patel, Mukesh P.,Patel, Tanmay K.,Delvadia, D.R.,Patel, Diwaker R.,Kumar, Nitish,Naraynan, Subhash,Fougat, Ranbir S. Institute of Forest Science 2010 Journal of Forest Science Vol.26 No.2

Jatropha curcas is an oil bearing species with multiple uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel plant. Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. The present study describes the floral biology and flowering phenology of J. curcas which is a prerequisite for hybridization program for genetic improvement through conventional breeding. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. This study includes a description of the inflorescence, flower anatomy of both male and female flowers, female : male ratio, pollen : ovule ratio, flowering phenology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, comparison of selfing methods and a comparison of geitonogamy and xenogamy. This information may be useful in J. curcas breeding programmes.