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Omer A Raheem,Rowan G Casey,David J Galvin,Rustom P Manecksha,Haradikar Varadaraj,TED McDermott,Ronald Grainger,Thomas H Lynch 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.4
Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy. Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multiblock Copolymers Containing Polystyrene-Poly (ethylene oxide)
Sung, Yong Kiel,Kim, Yong Joo,Grainger, David W.,Kim, Sung Wan 東國大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Polystyrene(PS)과 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)의 메세상 분리 구조를 갖는 다브록 공중합체를 합성하고 그 공중합체의 소수성과 친수성에 따른 벌크 성징과 열적성질에 대하여 조사하였다. PS-PEO 다브록 공중합체를 FT-IR, NMR, UV로 확인하였으며 DSC와 TGA로 조성에 따른 열적성질을 조사하였다. PS와 PEO segments 사이에서 상분리와 상혼합의 정도를 DSC를 통하여 확인하였고, PEO함량에 따른 활성화 에너지를 TGA결과를 통하여 계산하였다. 또한 bulk morphology와 segment aggregation 상태와의 관계를 PS와 PEO 미세도메인 사이의 상혼합 및 상분리도에 의하여 논의 하였다. Multiblock copolymers of polystyrens (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), exhibiting microphase separated structure, have been synthesized and investigated, PS-PEO multiblock copolymers were initially characterized in bulk by FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy. Subsequently, compositional effects on the thermal behavior of the multiblock copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Degrees of both phase mixing and phase separation between PEO and PS segments were evidenced by DSC, and energies of chain activation appear to be a functioon of PEO content in the copolymers. Relationships between bulk morphology and segment aggregation states were discussed in terms of degrees of phase separation and phase mixing between PS and PEO microdomains.