Topographic Analysis of the Supratrochlear Artery and the Supraorbital Artery: Implication for Improving the Safety of Forehead Augmentation

Cong, Li-yao,Phothong, Weeranut,Lee, Sang-Hee,Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima,Koh, Iksoo,Tansatit, Tanvaa,Kim, Hee-Jin Williams & Wilkins 2017 Plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol.139 No.3

<P>Background: The supratrochlear and supraorbital artery branches from the ophthalmic artery are the primary suppliers of blood to the forehead. Filler injection into the forehead without precise knowledge of its vascular topography poses a risk of severe complications. Methods: Twenty hemifaces from 11 cadavers were dissected. Results: Based on the presence of the deep branch of the supratrochlear artery, two main arterial distribution patterns of the forehead were observed. Type I (deep branch of the supratrochlear artery-present pattern) was classified into two subtypes: type Ia, in which the layer superficial to the frontalis was supplied medially by the superficial branch of the supratrochlear artery and laterally by the superficial branch of the supraorbital artery, and the deep branch of the supratrochlear artery and the deep branch of the supraorbital artery were distributed deep to the frontalis; and type Ib, in which the layer superficial to the frontalis was supplied by the superficial branch of the supratrochlear artery and the superficial branch of the supraorbital artery in addition to the central artery or the paracentral artery, and the layer deep to the frontalis was supplied the same with type Ia. For type II (deep branch of the supratrochlear artery-absent pattern), the layer superficial to the frontalis was supplied the same with type Ia; only the deep branch of the supraorbital artery supplied the layer deep to the frontalis. Conclusion: This study yielded novel arterial systems of the forehead and provided guidance for the safe forehead augmentation.</P>

Three-Dimensional Topography of the Emerging Point of the Ophthalmic Artery

Cong, Li-Yao,Choi, You-Jin,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Tansatit, Tanvaa,Kim, Hee-Jin Williams & Wilkins 2019 Plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol.143 No.1

BACKGROUND:: During periorbital noninvasive and surgical procedures, there is the risk of iatrogenic injury to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery. This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional location of the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery and to provide clinicians with anatomical information that would help them to avoid associated complications. METHODS:: Seventeen hemifaces of the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery from 10 Korean and seven Thai cadavers were dissected and scanned by a three-dimensional scanner. The emerging points of the ophthalmic artery of 30 healthy Korean volunteers were also detected using an ultrasound imaging system. RESULTS:: The transverse distance from the medial canthus to the emerging of the ophthalmic artery was 3.8 ± 1.0 mm medially, and the vertical distance was 14.0 ± 2.9 mm superiorly. The transverse distance from the midline was 16.5 ± 1.7 mm to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery and 20.0 ± 2.0 mm to the medial canthus. The measured depth from the skin surface to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery was 4.8 ± 1.7 mm by means of three-dimensional scanning and 4.5 ± 1.1 mm using ultrasound detection. The vertical distance from the inferior margin of the superior orbital rim to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery was 5.3 ± 1.4 mm. CONCLUSION:: These data inform clinicians about the anatomical three-dimensional location of the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery, which will help them to avoid iatrogenic injury when they are performing periorbital clinical procedures.

Topographic Anatomy of the Inferior Medial Palpebral Artery and Its Relevance to the Pretarsal Roll Augmentation

Cong, Li-Yao,Lee, Sang-Hee,Tansatit, Tanvaa,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Kim, Hee-Jin American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2016 Plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol.138 No.3

<P>Background: A detailed analysis of the topography of the inferior medial palpebral artery is needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of pretarsal roll augmentation. Methods: Thirty-one hemifaces from 13 Korean and 8 Thai cadavers (15 male and six female cadavers) were dissected. The distributions of the inferior medial palpebral artery were determined with respect to the superior medial palpebral artery and the supratrochlear artery. Results: Four distribution patterns were observed. The inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries branched individually from the ophthalmic artery, with the ophthalmic artery terminating as the supratrochlear artery on the forehead (type I); a short trunk branched from the ophthalmic artery and divided into the inferior medial palpebral artery and superior medial palpebral artery, and the ophthalmic artery terminated as the supratrochlear artery (type II); the inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries arose together from the ophthalmic artery, and the ophthalmic artery terminated as the supratrochlear artery (type III); or the inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries were the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery, with the supratrochlear artery arising from the angular artery (type IV). The diameter of the artery was 0.94 +/- 0.22 mm at the entry point and 0.37 +/- 0.11 mm at the lateral canthus. Conclusions: The inferior medial palpebral artery was located along the tarsal plate deep to the pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi in the lower eyelid. Injections to augment the pretarsal roll should be made between the subcutaneous tissue and this pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi.</P>

Topographic analysis of the supratrochlear artery and the supraorbital artery

Li-Yao Cong,Weeranut Phothong,Sang-Hee Lee,Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha,Iksoo koh,Tanwaa Tansatit,Hee-Jin Kim 대한체질인류학회 2016 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.59 No.-

A Secure Fingerprinted Multimedia Distribution Using Social Network Analysis

Cong-huan Ye,Zeng-gang Xiong,Yao-ming Ding,Xueming Zhang,Guangwei Wang,Fang Xu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.4

Collusion attack is a very effective attack for digital fingerprinting system. In order to remove or attenuate the fingerprint information hidden in fingerprinted content, a number of users produce a new colluded copy through their own fingerprinted copies. In this paper, we address a novel collusion-resisting desynchronization fingerprinting approach using social network analysis. The novelty of this paper is that collusion attack occurred in a multimedia social network community with high probability. Different from all existing works, with desynchronization model constructed upon social network, the original image is desynchronized to get many similar copies which are different from each other, and then they are assigned and distributed to subscribers according to social network analysis. Theory analysis shows that the presented desynchronization distribution method has significantly better performance than those existing distribution schemes. The experimental results also show that the average colluded images even with only two desynchronized copies have poor visual quality. And the visual quality of colluded images does not improve apparently with the increase of the number of copies.

Licochalcone A, a Natural Inhibitor of c-Jun <i>N</i>-Terminal Kinase 1

Yao, Ke,Chen, Hanyong,Lee, Mee-Hyun,Li, Haitao,Ma, Weiya,Peng, Cong,Song, Nu Ry,Lee, Ki Won,Bode, Ann M.,Dong, Ziming,Dong, Zigang American Association for Cancer Research 2014 Cancer Prevention Research Vol.7 No.1

<P>The c-<I>Jun N</I>-terminal kinases (JNK) play an important role in many physiologic processes induced by numerous stress signals. Each JNK protein appears to have a distinct function in cancer, diabetes, or Parkinson's disease. Herein, we found that licochalcone A, a major phenolic constituent isolated from licorice root, suppressed JNK1 activity but had little effect on JNK2 <I>in vitro</I> activity. Although licochalcone A binds with JIP1 competitively with either JNK1 or JNK2, a computer simulation model showed that after licochalcone A binding, the ATP-binding cleft of JNK1 was distorted more substantially than that of JNK2. This could reduce the affinity of JNK1 more than JNK2 for ATP binding. Furthermore, licochalcone A inhibited JNK1-mediated, but not JNK2-mediated, c-Jun phosphorylation in both <I>ex vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> systems. We also observed that in colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines, JNK1 is highly expressed compared with normal cell lines. In cancer cell lines, treatment with licochalcone A or knocking down JNK1 expression suppressed colon and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. The inhibition resulted in G<SUB>1</SUB> phase arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, an <I>in vivo</I> xenograft mouse study showed that licochalcone A treatment effectively suppressed the growth of HCT116 xenografts, without affecting the body weight of mice. These results show that licochalcone A is a selective JNK1 inhibitor. Therefore, we suggest that because of the critical role of JNK1 in colon cancer and pancreatic carcinogenesis, licochalcone A might have preventive or therapeutic potential against these devastating diseases. <I>Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 139–49. ©2013 AACR</I>.</P>

Recursive Chaotic Desynchronized Fingerprint for Large Scale Distribution Using Social Network Analysis

Cong-huan Ye,Zeng-gang Xiong,Yao-Ming Ding,Xueming Zhang,Guangwei Wang,Fang Xu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.7

Average collusion attack is a very effective attack for digital fingerprinting system. Moreover, the commercial value of the colluded content is often time-sensitive. The more profit the colluder will make from it when the colluded copy is distributed earlier. This paper presents a new collusion-resilience approach with recursive chaotic desynchronization and social network. It has processed chaotic transformations due to random image grid based on chaos. The experimental results show that collusion even with only two copies results in degradation of the image metric, even if those traitors try to resynchronization using image registration technology. However, it will take expensive computational cost to do that, and the visual quality is degraded expensively with the increase of the number of fingerprinted copies.

Modeling, Identification and Control of a Redundant Planar 2-DOF Parallel Manipulator

Yao-Xin Zhang,Shuang Cong,Wei-Wei Shang,Ze-Xiang Li,Shi-Long Jiang 대한전기학회 2007 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.5 No.5

In this paper, the dynamic controller design problem of a redundant planar 2-dof parallel manipulator is studied. Using the Euler-Lagrange equation, we formulate the dynamic model of the parallel manipulator in the joint space and propose an augmented PD controller with forward dynamic compensation for the parallel manipulator. By formulating the controller in the joint space, we eliminate the complex computation of the Jacobian matrix of joint angles with end-effector coordinate. So with less computation, our controller is easier to implement, and a shorter sampling period can be achieved, which makes the controller more suitable for high-speed motion control. Furthermore, with the combination of static friction model and viscous friction model, the active joint friction of the parallel manipulator is studied and compensated in the controller. Based on the dynamic parameters of the parallel manipulator evaluated by direct measurement and identification, motion control experiments are implemented. With the experiments, the validity of the dynamic model is proved and the performance of the controller is evaluated. Experiment results show that, with forward dynamic compensation, the augmented PD controller can improve the tracking performance of the parallel manipulator over the simple PD controller.

Effects of starting powder and thermal treatment on the aerosol deposited BaTiO ₃ thin films toward less leakage currents

Yao, Zhao,Wang, Cong,Li, Yang,Kim, Hong-Ki,Kim, Nam-Young Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1

<P>To prepare high-density integrated capacitors with low leakage currents, 0.2-μm-thick BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films were successfully deposited on integrated semiconductor substrates at room temperature by the aerosol deposition (AD) method. In this study, the effects of starting powder size were considered in an effort to remove macroscopic defects. A surface morphology of 25.3 nm and an interface roughness of less than 50 nm were obtained using BT-03B starting powder. The nano-crystalline thin films achieved after deposition were annealed at various temperatures to promote crystallization and densification. Moreover, the influence of rapid thermal annealing process on the surface morphology and crystal growth was evaluated. As the annealing temperature increased from room temperature to 650°C, the root mean square (RMS) roughness decreased from 25.3 to 14.3 nm. However, the surface was transformed into rough performance at 750°C, which agreed well with the surface microstructure trend. Moreover, the crystal growth also reveals the changes in surface morphology via surface energy analysis.</P>

Emerging nanoparticulate drug delivery systems of metformin

Yao Chen,Xinzhu Shan,Cong Luo,Zhonggui He 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.3

Background Driving the conventional drug in new applications has emerged as a research hotspot for disease treatment. Metformin (MET) is conventionally used for the treatment of type II diabetes. It has also been found to be a versatile molecule with wide biological functions, such as losing weight. anti-aging and anticancer activity. Rational design of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) could significantly improve drug delivery efficiency. Recently, a wide range of nano- DDS has been developed to improve the delivery efficacy of MET or to perform as versatile nanoplatforms for efficient drug delivery. Area covered In this review, we outline the emerging trends in advanced nano-DDS of MET, focusing on nano-DDS of MET for diabetes therapy, nano-DDS of MET for anticancer therapeutics, and nano-DDS of MET for other therapeutic aims. Expert opinion Despite the great progression in nano-DDS of MET, there’s still a long way to truly put the conventional drug in new applications. Several important issues should be fully taken into consideration, such the manufacturing cost and economic burdens for patients, the biocompatibility and long-term toxicity of carrier materials, scale-up preparation difficulties, as well as the species gap between human beings and animal models.