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梨化女子大學校 衛生化學敎室 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1960 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.2
食品添加物이라함은 食品의 調味, 着香, 保存, 漂白 또는 蟛脹 其他 食品의 加工의 目的으로 食品에 添加, 混和, 浸潤等에 依하여 使用하는것을 말한다. 이것은 大別하여보면 合成甘味科, 合成糊科, 膨脹劑, 漂白劑, 合成殺菌劑, 合成着色科, 防腐劑, 合成着香科같은 것이있다.
CFD ANALYSIS OF HEAVY LIQUID METAL FLOW IN THE CORE OF THE HELIOS LOOP
Batta, A.,Cho, Jae-Hyun,Class, A.G.,Hwang, Il-Soon Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.6
Lead-alloys are very attractive nuclear coolants due to their thermo-hydraulic, chemical, and neutronic properties. By utilizing the HELIOS (Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for Integral test of Operability and Safety of PEACER$^2$) facility, a thermal hydraulic benchmarking study has been conducted for the prediction of pressure loss in lead-alloy cooled advanced nuclear energy systems (LACANES). The loop has several complex components that cannot be readily characterized with available pressure loss correlations. Among these components is the core, composed of a vessel, a barrel, heaters separated by complex spacers, and the plenum. Due to the complex shape of the core, its pressure loss is comparable to that of the rest of the loop. Detailed CFD simulations employing different CFD codes are used to determine the pressure loss, and it is found that the spacers contribute to nearly 90 percent of the total pressure loss. In the system codes, spacers are usually accounted for; however, due to the lack of correlations for the exact spacer geometry, the accuracy of models relies strongly on assumptions used for modeling spacers. CFD can be used to determine an appropriate correlation. However, application of CFD also requires careful choice of turbulence models and numerical meshes, which are selected based on extensive experience with liquid metal flow simulations for the KALLA lab. In this paper consistent results of CFX and Star-CD are obtained and compared to measured data. Measured data of the pressure loss of the core are obtained with a differential pressure transducer located between the core inlet and outlet at a flow rate of 13.57kg/s.
CFD ANALYSIS OF HEAVY LIQUID METAL FLOW IN THE CORE OF THE HELIOS LOOP
A. BATTA,JAE HYUN CHO,A.G. CLASS,IL SOON HWANG 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.6
Lead-alloys are very attractive nuclear coolants due to their thermo-hydraulic, chemical, and neutronic properties. Byutilizing the HELIOS (Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for Integral test of Operability and Safety of PEACER2) facility, athermal hydraulic benchmarking study has been conducted for the prediction of pressure loss in lead-alloy cooled advancednuclear energy systems (LACANES). The loop has several complex components that cannot be readily characterized withavailable pressure loss correlations. Among these components is the core, composed of a vessel, a barrel, heaters separatedby complex spacers, and the plenum. Due to the complex shape of the core, its pressure loss is comparable to that of the restof the loop. Detailed CFD simulations employing different CFD codes are used to determine the pressure loss, and it is foundthat the spacers contribute to nearly 90 percent of the total pressure loss. In the system codes, spacers are usually accountedfor; however, due to the lack of correlations for the exact spacer geometry, the accuracy of models relies strongly on assumptionsused for modeling spacers. CFD can be used to determine an appropriate correlation. However, application of CFD alsorequires careful choice of turbulence models and numerical meshes, which are selected based on extensive experience withliquid metal flow simulations for the KALLA lab. In this paper consistent results of CFX and Star-CD are obtained andcompared to measured data. Measured data of the pressure loss of the core are obtained with a differential pressure transducerlocated between the core inlet and outlet at a flow rate of 13.57kg/s
크리스토프클레스만 ( Christoph Kleβmann ) 역사문제연구소 2004 역사문제연구 Vol.- No.13
The approaches to GDR-history changed III accordance with changing politics. In the fifties the GDR was perceived as "Soviet Zone" and primarily observed by journalists and to a certain extent by social scientists. The GDR has been seen as an totalitarian state. Willy Brandts "Neue Ostpolitik"stimulated a new scientific approach, represented especially by Peter Christian Ludz. A great amount of empirical data werecollected in order to learn more about the real social and economic situation of the second German state. But the GDR became also a matter of genuine historical research. After the reunification former paradigms of interpretation were revitalized, but in the last years historians emphasized especially cultural and everyday-history. In the future questions of entanglement of western and eastern German history, of democracy and dictatorship, will be a main topic of interest. A differenciated view of the common past should contribute to the crucial political problem of "internal unity".
크리스토프클레스만 ( Christoph Kleβmann ) 역사문제연구소 2004 역사문제연구 Vol.- No.13
The main issues of the article are - the different attitudes in Postwar-Germany to the loss of territories according Potsdam agreement compared with the Versailles Treaty of 1919 - the strong interest of the West German people in unification during the fifties and the rapid decline of this dominant interest since the seventies - the lasting interest of East Germans on "the West"and on German unity by individual and material reasons - the high expectations in unification 1990 and the rapid desillusion about the equality of living conditions in East and West.