RISS 검색 - 국내학술지논문

1
The Changing Roles of Women Officers in Public Order Policing in Hong Kong

Ho Ka-ki,Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-
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The police are regarded as a male-dominated mescaline profession. Western police studies tend to suggest that women officers will face role-conflicts when they enter the male-dominated masculine occupation and they only play a complementary role in the public order policing. The Hong Kong Police Force was established in 1844. Women police officers were never perceived as indispensable component by early British colonial police heads. The first women officer had not been recruited until 1949. Yet, in 1950s and 1960s duties assigned to female cohorts were confined to supporting duties such as conducting clerical jobs, handling female suspects and taking care of wandering children rather than law enforcement and anti-riot operations. On the top of this, sexually segregated and discriminatory arrangements could also be easily noted in reviewing the managerial history of the Hong Kong Police. This study finds that the role of women officers started to change in late 1960s, especially in the sphere of public order policing. For instance, women police officers took up some frontier positions in the 1967 riots. They received formal anti-riot training since 1970s. A female anti-riot squad was formed in 1992. Since 1995 all newly recruited Hong Kong women police officers have been armed. In 2005 women police officers were placed in the front to deal with Korean demonstrators directly during the WTO MC6 period. The evolving responsibilities of female police officers from indoors administrative work to frontier crowd management duties not only reflect the changing attitude towards women in Hong Kong society, but also signify the vitalization of women officers in policing Hong Kong. The data of this research are largely derived from archival materials and in-depth interviews with 12 women police officers who served the force from 1950s to 1980s.
2
Policing the 1967 Riots in Hong Kong : An Alternative Account from Frontline Police Officers

Ho Lawrence K.K.,Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2005 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.3 No.1
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The 1967 riots were widely regarded as the worst civil unrest in Hong Kong. According to the official explanation, the Hong Kong Police, as a para-military and non-localized force, were the most loyal government agency to restore social orders by containing these "political confrontations". In the eyes of the local Chinese leftists, however, the Hong Kong Police were regarded as the "running dog" of the British colonialists who ruthlessly suppressed their compatriots in Hong Kong. Based on archival materials and in-depth interviews with 8 Chinese frontline police officers who were directly involved in suppressing the riots, this research has four major findings.<BR> First, these police officers thought that the prolong disorder were not serious riots but only civil disturbances. Second, regarding their policing assignments as apolitical tasks despite acknowledging the politicization of the riots, they inclined to have a fearless outlook when confronting the protesting crowds. Third, few police officers quitted their job during the prolong riots because they saw it as a police duty to restore the social stability of the territory. They were also attracted by the subsidiary and relevant benefits during the riots. Finally, the frontline police officers tended to fully accept the colonial government"s approach in dealing with the riots. In response to the local communist challenge of enforcing "fascist, brutal and hardcore suppression of the compatriots", they generally considered the regime"s policing strategy as a carefully-drafted and flexibly-adjusted one that showed greatest steadiness and restraint, thus successfully gaining support from the mainstream local Chinese community.
3
Policing One-woman Brothels in Hong Kong : Alternative Strategies

Chu Yiu Kong,C,Y,Chan 아시아경찰학회 2007 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.5 No.1
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‘One-woman brothels’ are actually small flats in residential buildings in Hong Kong, each with a single female sex worker working in it. Although there is no law that specifically stipulates that prostitution is illegal in Hong Kong, virtually every activity connected with prostitution is regarded as an offence. Therefore, the Hong Kong Police are able to use relevant laws to tackle street sex workers, call-girl services, and different vice establishments such as villas (guest houses), massage parlours, nightclubs and karaoke bars which directly or indirectly provide sex services to their customers. Interesting enough, a lone sex worker who sells her body for money inside an apartment (one-woman brothel) is not technically committing any offences. Faced with immense pressure from the community, the police may adopt alternative strategies to reduce the number of one-woman brothels and keep them low profile in some black spot areas. The alternative strategies include ‘visiting sex workers’, ‘harassing clients’, ‘pressuring door caretakers’ and ‘advising landlords’. This research finds that the two most effective ways to combat one-woman brothels are visiting sex workers and harassing clients. However, the price is that the police need to invest their manpower heavily on the above operations. In addition, these two strategies may create ‘displacement effect’. The sex workers may move to another area to continue their business. The data of this research mainly derive from local studies on this topic, official documents, media reports, a popular one-woman brothel website, field observations and interviews with 12 police officers who had experiences in dealing with one-woman brothels.
4
Project Polar Star in Hong Kong : An innovative police strategy to deal with deviant juveniles

Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2004 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.2 No.1
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Project Polar Star was an innovative programme specifically designed to prevent juvenile crime in the Yuen Long Police District in Hong Kong from February 1998 to August 2002. The project team members employed informal, friendly and outreaching methods to approach delinquent juveniles and invited them to participate in the project. The primary goal of the project was to save their targets from criminal settings and bring them back to other social control agencies in the community. Although the project was an effective community policing programme to prevent juvenile crime, this paper finds that project officers encountered several problems as the project moved on. These problems included target selection, the role conflict between a law enforcer and a social worker, working together with other agencies and the assessment of the project.

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