메타버스를 위한 철학과 교육

최원재(Wonjae Choi),김영목(Youngmok Kim) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2023 OUGHTOPIA Vol.37 No.3

메타버스는 가상세계를 표방하는 대표적인 개념으로 코로나로 촉발된 비대면 사회 활동에서 특히 두드러졌다. 메타버스 플랫폼은 특히 교육계에서 환영받았는데 그 용어에서 오는 모호함으로 인해 사람들은 혼란을 겪기도 했다. 대면 생활이 조금씩 재개되는 현시점에서는 메타버스의 인기도 한풀 꺾이기 시작했고, 지금의 메타버스 플랫폼이 진정한 가상현실인지에 관해 물음을 제기하는 사람들도 나타났다. 이는 메타버스에 관해 철학적 고민 없이 사용법부터 익히기에 바빴던 지난 2년여의 결과이기도 하다. 앞으로 메타버스가 교육의 큰 축이 될 것이라는 데에는 의심의 여지가 없다. 그러나 가상현실 구현에 있어 교육 철학적 전제가 선행되어야 이를 바탕으로 기술 교육이 정당성을 확보하고 목적과 활용 사이에 균형 잡힌 교과 과정이 구체적으로 개발될 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 하이데거, 메를로 퐁티, 혜강 최한기의 철학적 방법을 소개한다. 이 세 철학자의 존재론적 접근에서 보면 실제와 가상은 다름이 아닌 하나이며 양자 간의 ‘포개짐’이 더욱 개선된 교육적 환경을 조성함을 알 수 있다. Metaverse is a representative concept of the virtual world, and it was especially prominent in non-face-to-face social activities triggered by Corona. The metaverse platform was especially welcomed in the education world, but the ambiguity of the term confused people. At this point, when face-to-face life resumes, the popularity of the metaverse has begun to wane, and some people have questioned whether the current metaverse platforms are a true virtual reality. This is also the result of the past two years of being busy learning how to use the metaverse without considering philosophical concerns. There is no doubt that the metaverse will become a major axis of education in the future. However, educational philosophical premise must be preceded in the realization of virtual reality, based on which, technology education can be justified and a balanced curriculum between purpose and application can be developed. For this purpose, this paper introduces the philosophical methods of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Han-ki Choi. From the ontological approach of these three philosophers, it can be seen that the real and the virtual are virtually one, and the ‘overlapping’ between the two creates a more improved educational environment.

Rough surface reconstruction of real surfaces for numerical simulations of ultrasonic wave scattering

Choi, Wonjae,Shi, Fan,Lowe, Michael J.S.,Skelton, Elizabeth A.,Craster, Richard V.,Daniels, William L. Elsevier 2018 NDT & E international Vol.98 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The scattering of waves by rough surfaces plays a significant role in many fields of physical sciences including ultrasonics where failure surfaces are often rough and their accurate identification is critical. The prediction of the strength of scattering can be hampered when the roughness is not adequately characterised and this is a particular issue when the surface roughness is within an order of the incident wavelength. Here we develop a methodology to reconstruct, and accurately represent, rough surfaces using an AutoRegressive (AR) process that then allows for rapid numerical simulations of ultrasonic wave rough surface scattering in three dimensions. Gaussian, exponential and AR surfaces are reconstructed based on real surface data and the statistics of the surfaces are compared with each other. The statistics from the AR surfaces agree well with those from actual rough surfaces, taken from experimental samples, in terms of the heights as well as the gradients, which are the two main factors in accurately predicting the wave scattering intensities. Ultrasonic rough surface scattering is simulated numerically using the Kirchhoff approximation, and comparisons with Gaussian, exponential, AR and real sample surfaces are performed; scattering intensities found using AR surfaces show the best agreement with the real sample surfaces.</P>

The economic benefits of big science R&D: With a focus on fusion R&D program in Korea

Choi, Wonjae,Tho, Hyunsoo,Kim, Youbean,Hwang, Sungha,Kang, Dongyup North-Holland 2017 Fusion engineering and design Vol.124 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper is focused on the analysis of spillover benefits of the ongoing R&D program on nuclear fusion in Korea. An empirical analysis was conducted on the economic spillover effects of nuclear fusion research and development (R&D) program by investigating cases of actual participating enterprises. The 24 representative enterprises were selected from about 250 enterprises that participated in the KSTAR and ITER projects. The analysis showed that the effect of increasing sales was a total of 1,538,600MKRW in the 24 enterprises that participated in the KSTAR and ITER projects; about 527 human resources have been fostered in industrial enterprises. Additionally, network analysis results show some cases in which the participating enterprises have extended their businesses into international and domestic fields of nuclear fusion and particle accelerators as well as into private markets.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recently, many studies have been conducted in advanced countries to analyze the spillover effects of big science equipment that has already been constructed, particularly for partnerships with industrial enterprises that have participated in the construction process as well as in terms of relevant technological innovation. However, there has been no systematic study conducted in South Korea on the effect of constructing a big scientific research facility on the participating industrial enterprises. </LI> <LI> The purpose of this study is to conduct an empirical analysis of the spillover effects of a nuclear fusion research and development (R&D) program by investigating cases of actual participating enterprises and identifying implications for relevant policies. </LI> <LI> The Nuclear Fusion Energy Development Plan was begun with the KSTAR construction project under the National Nuclear Fusion R&D Program, established in 1995. Currently, the Program has been divided into the KSTAR project, the ITER project, the DEMO project, and basic research and human resources fostering projects. In addition, about 250 companies are participating in the KSTAR and ITER projects. </LI> <LI> In this article, to verify the presence of theory-based spillover effects in South Korea and to identify relevant implications, the South Korean case of nuclear fusion research was analyzed with respect to the three types of R&D spillover effect described in previous studies, which are market spillover effect, network spillover effect, and knowledge spillover effect. </LI> <LI> In-depth interviews were performed with 24 enterprises (10%) out of about 250 enterprises that have participated in nuclear fusion R&D program (69 enterprises in the KSTAR project and 180 enterprises in the ITER projects). Analytical results show that the economic spillover effect of nuclear fusion R&D program was significant. Spillover effects of each type are shown below. First, with regard to the market spillover effect, the contribution ratio of nuclear fusion R&D program to the increase of the sales of the 24 enterprises that participated in the KSTAR and ITER projects was 19.1% on average; the total amount of sales increase was estimated to be 1,538,600MKRW. The analysis showed that the 24 participating enterprises have created a sales-increasing effect greater than the financial input to the KSTAR and ITER projects (762,600MKRW). Second, with regard to the knowledge spillover effect, 238 new jobs were created in the 24 participating enterprises through participation in the KSTAR and ITER projects; a total of 527 human resources in the industrial enterprises have experienced nuclear fusion. Finally, analysis of the network spillover effect showed that 15 enterprises (62%) out of the 24 enterprises participating in the nuclear fusion R&D program have extended their businesses to other relevant technological fields. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Method to Simulate Frictional Heating at Defects in Ultrasonic Infrared Thermography

Wonjae Choi,Manyong Choi,Jeonghak Park 한국비파괴검사학회 2015 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Ultrasonic infrared thermography is an active thermography methods. In this method, mechanical energy is introduced to a structure, it is converted into heat energy at the defects, and an infrared camera detects the heat for inspection. The heat generation mechanisms are dependent on many factors such as structure characteristics, defect type, excitation method and contact condition, which make it difficult to predict heat distribution in ultrasonic infrared thermography. In this paper, a method to simulate frictional heating, known to be one of the main heat generation mechanisms at the closed defects in metal structures, is proposed for ultrasonic infrared thermography. This method uses linear vibration analysis results without considering the contact boundary condition at the defect so that it is intuitive and simple to implement. Its advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. The simulation results show good agreement with the modal analysis and experiment result.

Youth, Sense of dance: 12*3 Diary

Wonjae Choi(최원재) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2023 No.6

Effects of treatment of temporomandibular disorders on headache, quality of life, and neck function in patients with tension-type headaches: a randomized controlled study

Choi, Wonjae,Woo, Jungmuk,Lee, Sangbong,Lee, Seungwon korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2020 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.9 No.4

Objective: Tension-type headaches usually occur with temporomandibular disorder, which increases the risk of the chronic tension-type headaches. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of additional temporalmandibular therapy compared to cerivcal joint therapy for tension-type headaches with pericranial tenderness. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Forty-one patients with chronic tension-type headaches and pericranial tenderness were randomized into the 3 groups, such as the temporomandibular joint therapy group (TMJT group, n=14), cervical manual therapy group (CMT group, n=14) and conservative therapy group (CT group, n=13). All patients were assessed at baseline and after each intervention during the three sessions. The participants in the TMJT group received the temporomadibular joint treatment and cervical manual therapy for 30 minutes, once a week, for 3 weeks. The participants in the CMT group received the cervical manual therapy, and those in the CT group received modalities during same time period. The outcome measurements used were the intensity of headaches measured on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), quality of life measured with the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and function of the cervical spine using the Neck Diability Index (NDI). Results: The TMJT group that received temporomandibular joint treatment and cervical manual therapy showed a significant decrease in VAS, HIT-6, and NDI compared with the other 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggected that temporomandibular joint treatment combined with cervical manual therapy was more effective for the chronic tension-type headaches with pericranial tenderness than the usual cervical therapy alone.

MIMESIS

Wonjae Choi(최원재) 한국디자인학회 2018 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2018 No.11

Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Treadmill Training Improves Walking Performance in Post-Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Choi, Wonjae,Han, Donghun,Kim, Junesun,Lee, Seungwon International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2017 Medical science monitor Vol.23 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Stroke is characterized by an asymmetrical gait pattern that causes poor stability and reduces overall activity levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration combined with treadmill training (WBV-TT) on walking performance in patients with chronic stroke.</P><P><B>Material/Methods</B></P><P>Thirty ambulatory chronic stroke patients were randomly allocated to the WBV-TT group or the treadmill training (TT) group. The participants in the WBV-TT group performed 6 types of exercises on a vibrating platform for 4.5 minutes and then walked on the treadmill for 20 minutes. The participants in the TT group conducted the same exercise on a platform without vibration and then walked on the treadmill in the same manner. The vibration lasted for 45 seconds in each exercise, and the intervention was performed 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. The treadmill walking speed was gradually increased by 5% in both groups. The outcome measures included the temporospatial parameter of gait (GAITRite<SUP>®</SUP>) and 6-minute walk test.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The WBV-TT group showed significant improvements in walking performance with respect to walking speed, cadence, step length, stride length, single-limb support, double-limb support, and 6-minute walk test compared with baseline (p<0.05). Significant improvements were also seen in walking speed, step length, stride length, and double-limb support compared with the TT group (p<0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These findings indicate that WBV-TT is more effective than TT for improving walking performance of patients with chronic stroke.</P>

Ground Kayak Paddling Exercise Improves Postural Balance, Muscle Performance, and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Choi, Wonjae,Lee, Seungwon International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2018 Medical science monitor Vol.24 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Kayaking is an interesting and posturally challenging activity; however, kayaking may be limited by safety issues in older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether ground kayak paddling (GKP) exercise can improve postural balance, muscle performance, and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.</P><P><B>Material/Methods</B></P><P>Sixty participants were randomly allocated to a GKP group (n=30; mean age, 74 years) or a control group (n=30; mean age, 74 years). GKP exercise consisted 5 types of exercise protocols, including paddling and multi-directional reaching with repetitive trunk and upper-extremities movements, which was performed for 60 min twice a week for 6 weeks. The outcome measures included the Timed Up and Go Test, the Functional Reach Test, the Berg Balance Scale, the Arm Curl Test, handgrip strength, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In this study, adherence to the regimen was 96% in the GKP group. Postural balance, muscle performance, and cognitive function were significantly improved after intervention (p<0.05), and all the values in the GKP group, except for the Berg Balance Scale scores, were significantly decreased or increased compared to the control group. Differences between the 2 groups were Timed Up and Go Test −0.74 s; Functional Reach Test +7.20 cm; Arm Curl Test +5.56 repetitions; right handgrip strength +3.57 kg; left handgrip strength +3.08 kg; and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, +3.46 score (p<0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>GKP exercise improves the physical and psychological ability of older adults with mild cognitive impairment.</P>

The Effects of Laughter Therapy Interventions for Smartphone Addicts

Wonjae Choi,Junhyuck Park,Hyunkyung Jung,Jongeun Yim,Seungwon Lee,Sukjung Han,Sugjong Park,HyeonCheol Jeong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.4

Laughter or humor is a beneficial intervention among healthy individuals for general health. Laughter therapy is one of preventive medicine, which is important strategy help to promote wellness or relieve emotional stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of laughter therapy on autonomic nervous system activity, stress, and emotions in smartphone addict. The participants with addict or addict risk of smartphone were recruited and randomly allocated into laughter therapy group (n=30) and control group (n=12). Laughter therapy group were conducted laughter therapy program which is comprise of opening, experiencing laughter and closure for 60 min per a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The assessments were completed before and after the program. The heart rate variability analysis was used to assess the autonomic nervous system activity and stress, University of Rhode Island change assessment for readiness for change, and positive and negative affect scale for current mood state. Laughter therapy group improved significantly to the autonomic nervous system activity and stress compared with control group (p<0.05). And positive affect scale scores were improved significantly after conducting laughter therapy (p<0.05). Thus, these founds suggest that laughter therapy can improve the autonomic nervous system activity and positive affect scale scores, and relieve emotional stress for smartphone addict. Further study should consider applying of long-term laughter therapy for relieve of addict.