공무집행 중 발생한 주한미군범죄와 「한・미 SOFA」에 따른 경합적 형사재판권에 관한 고찰

김성진(Kim, Sung-Jin),최우선(Choi, U-Son) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2021 法學論文集 Vol.45 No.1

미국은 해외 각국에 군대를 파견하면서 미군의 주둔을 접수하는 국가와 소위 주둔군지위협정(SOFA)을 체결한다. 이러한 주둔군지위협정에는 미군과 그 구성원들의 형사재판권에 관한 내용을 규정으로서 파견국과 접수국 간의 형사재판권에 대한 우선순위를 규정하고 있다. 예를 들어 주한미군지위협정(이하, 한·미 SOFA)에서는 미국 군대의 구성원이 공무집행 중 고의 또는 과실로 저지른 범죄에 대해서는 미군당국에게 1차적 현사재판권을 부여하고 있다. 이에 대한민국은 미군당국에게 공무 중 발생한 미군범죄에 대한 1차적 형사재판권을 양보할 것을 요구하고 있지만 이를 거부하고 있다. 그러나 한·미 SOFA는 대한민국의 사법권을 대체하는 협정이 아니라 대한민국의 사권법 내에 존재하는 것이다. 따라서 범죄혐의를 받고 있는 미군은 대한민국의 형사사법에 따라 수사와 재판을 받는 것이 타당하다. 다만 형사재판권이 경합하는 경우에는 해당 범죄가 공무 중 발생한 경우에 한하여 미군당국이 1차적 재판권을 행사할 수 있도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 지금까지 미군당국은 대한민국과 형사재판권이 경합되는 미군범죄 사건에 대하여 대한민국 수사기관의 수사협조 요청에 매우 소극적인 태도를 보이고 있다. 하지만 미군당국은 한·미 SOFA 제22조 제6항에 명시되어 있는 대로 미군범죄에 대한 대한민국 수사기관의 수사에 보다 적극적으로 조력하여 할 것이다. 또한 한·미 SOFA에 따라 미군당국이 공무중 발생한 범죄에 대하여 1차적 형사재판권을 부여받고 있더라도, 대한민국 사법부가 해당 범죄를 중대한 범죄라고 판단하는 경우에는 대한민국은 미군당국의 ‘공무증명서’ 발급에 대하여 한·미 SOFA 제22조 제6항에 명시된 이의 제기권을 행사할 필요가 있다. One of the most controversial issues of SOFA that every countries concluded with the U.S. is the question of what constitutes an act or omission done in the performance of official duty. The ROK-U.S SOFA also includes the same provisions and hence, the same controversy: U.S military authorities have primary right to exercise jurisdiction over U.S armed forces members in relation to offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performances of official duty. The ROK-U.S is based on two types of jurisdiction, exclusive and concurrent. An identical framework is found in the NATO SOFA. Article XXII of the Korea SOFA provides that the U.S. military authorities have the right to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over members of U.S. armed forces with respect of offenses, including offenses relating to its security, punishable by the law of the United States, but not by the law of the Republic of Korea. This exclusive jurisdiction applies to Korea authorities in the same way respect to offenses by the U.S service members that are punishable by Korean law but not by U.S. law. In cases where the right to exercise jurisdiction is concurrent, the authorities of Korea have primary jurisdiction, but an exception exists in relation to offenses committed solely against the property or security of the United States or solely against another U.S. armed forces member, and offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performance of official duty. Generally, a country with is more interested in offenses committed than the other in an effort to have primary right to exercise. If the offenses committed solely against the property or security of the sending state, receiving state in fact wouldn t be interested in indicting those offenses. On the other hand in line with territorial principle, Korea will have the primary right to exercise the jurisdiction. This article will analyze the official duty that sending state always trying to have the primary right to exercise, causing inevitably friction with host nation in terms of the concurrent jurisdiction para 3, art 22 in ROK-U.S. SOFA rather than the inequality and fairness of SOFAs, which every host nations have concluded with the U.S. It will also recommend the resolution to minimize the friction between ROK and U.S. in satisfying both nations as they exercise the criminal jurisdiction in a way of clarifying the official duty certification and in standard, limit, analysis about an official duty.

Hepatitis B Reactivation among Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Direct Acting Antivirals

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Jin Ah Kim ),( Mi Ju Cheon ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Sung Won Lee 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation among hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients treated with oral direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in areas endemic for HBV in Korea. Methods: A total of 821 HCV-infected patients receiving oral DAA therapy from March 2015 to November 2016 were evaluated. Serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA was regularly assessed during and after DAA treatment in patients with HBV-HCV coinfection. HBV virological reactivation was defined as a >1 log increase in HBV DNA from baseline or a reappearance of HBV DNA for those with baseline undetectable HBV DNA. Clinical reactivation was defined as a serum alanine aminotransferase level ≥3-fold over the upper limit of normal or > 100 U/L. Results: Prior to DAA therapy 95.8% (787/821) had HBsAg testing and 1.7% (13/787) were positive. HBV virological reactivation was found in 7 (53.8%) of the 13 patients. HBV-related clinical reactivation was not observed in our cohort. Conclusions: For HBV-HCV co-infected patients, the risk of HBV virological reactivation was present after oral DAA treatment for HCV infection. Monitoring the HBV DNA level during oral DAA therapy for HCV infection is warranted.

Calculation of Dipole Moments for Octahedral Trimethyl Organoplatinum(Ⅳ) [PtCIMe_3(PMe_2Ph)_2] Type Complexes

Choi, U-Sung,Lee, Kee Hag,Choi, Chang Jin,Suh, Hyouck Choon 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.2

팔면체 구조를 갖는 전이금속 착물들에 대한 쌍극자 모멘트를 EHT(확장된 Hu¨ckel 이론)계산으로부터 얻은 분자 궤도함수를 사용하여 계산하였다. 팔면체 트리메틸 유기백금(Ⅳ) [PtClMe_3(PMe_2Ph)_2] 형태 착물에는 3가지의 입체 이성질체가 있다. 특히 fac-[PtClMe_3-(PMe_2Ph)_2] 형태 착물은 실험값(7.1D)에 매우 접근하였다. 따라서, 벤젠 용액에서 팔면체 트리메틸 유기백금(Ⅳ) [PtClMe_3(PMe_2Ph)_2] 형태 착물은 fac-[PtClMe_3(PMe_2Ph)_2] 형태로 존재할 것으로 예상된다.

Theoretical study of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Thiophene oligomers

Choi, U-Sung,Song, Sung Ik,Kim, Dong Hee 群山大學校基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

PM3 semiempirical calculations have been performed on thiophene oligomers. The dipole moments(μ), static first-order (α), second-order(β), and third-order(γ) polarizabilities were investigated to study the nonlinear optical properties of thiophene oligomers. Their linear and nonlinear optical properties of the thiophene oligomers have been shown to depand strongly upon the thiophene conjugation length.

Human Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing a Carboxylesterase Inhibit Bladder Tumor Growth

Choi, Sung S.,Chi, Byung Hoon,Chang, In Ho,Kim, Kyung Do,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Seung U.,Lee, Hong J. American Association for Cancer Research 2016 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.15 No.6

<P>Bladder cancer is a significant clinical and economic problem. Despite intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy, up to 80% of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer develop recurrent tumors, of which 20% to 30% evolve into more aggressive, potentially lethal tumors. Recently, bladder cancer cells are considered to be mediators of resistance to current therapies and therefore represent strong candidates as biologic targets. No effective chemotherapy has yet been developed for advanced bladder cancer. It is desirable that a drug can be delivered directly and specifically to bladder cancer cells. Stem cells have selective migration ability toward cancer cells, and therapeutic genes can be easily transduced into stem cells. In suicide gene therapy for cancer, stem cells carry a gene encoding a carboxylesterase (CE) enzyme that transforms an inert CPT-11 prodrug into a toxic SN-38 product, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. In immunodeficient mice, systemically transplanted HB1.F3. CE stem cells migrated toward the tumor implanted by the TCCSUP bladder cancer cell line, and, in combination with CPT-11, the volume of tumors was significantly reduced. These findings may contribute to the development of a new selective chemotherapeutic strategy against bladder cancer. (C) 2016 AACR.</P>

Prognostic Impact of Stone-Scoring Systems After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Calculi: A Single Center's Experience Over 10 Years

Choi, Sae Woong,Bae, Woong Jin,Ha, U-Syn,Hong, Sung-Hoo,Lee, Ji Youl,Kim, Sae Woong,Cho, Hyuk Jin Mary Ann Liebert 2016 Journal of endourology Vol.30 No.9

Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Minipig Neural Stem Cell Line

Choi, Sung S.,Yoon, Seung-Bin,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Sun-Uk,Cha, Young Joo,Lee, Daniel,Kim, Seung U.,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Lee, Hong J. Cognizant Communication Corp. 2017 CELL TRANSPLANTATION Vol.26 No.2

Perspective and potential of smart optical materials

Choi, Sang H,Duzik, Adam J,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Park, Yeonjoon,Kim, Jaehwan,Ko, Hyun-U,Kim, Hyun-Chan,Yun, Sungryul,Kyung, Ki-Uk Institute of Physics Publishing 2017 Smart materials & structures Vol.26 No.9

<P>The increasing requirements of hyperspectral imaging optics, electro/photo-chromic materials, negative refractive index metamaterial optics, and miniaturized optical components from micro-scale to quantum-scale optics have all contributed to new features and advancements in optics technology. Development of multifunctional capable optics has pushed the boundaries of optics into new fields that require new disciplines and materials to maximize the potential benefits. The purpose of this study is to understand and show the fundamental materials and fabrication technology for field-controlled spectrally active optics (referred to as smart optics) that are essential for future industrial, scientific, military, and space applications, such as membrane optics, filters, windows for sensors and probes, telescopes, spectroscopes, cameras, light valves, light switches, and flat-panel displays. The proposed smart optics are based on the Stark and Zeeman effects in materials tailored with quantum dot arrays and thin films made from readily polarizable materials via ferroelectricity or ferromagnetism. Bound excitonic states of organic crystals are also capable of optical adaptability, tunability, and reconfigurability. To show the benefits of smart optics, this paper reviews spectral characteristics of smart optical materials and device technology. Experiments testing the quantum-confined Stark effect, arising from rare earth element doping effects in semiconductors, and applied electric field effects on spectral and refractive index are discussed. Other bulk and dopant materials were also discovered to have the same aspect of shifts in spectrum and refractive index. Other efforts focus on materials for creating field-controlled spectrally smart active optics on a selected spectral range. Surface plasmon polariton transmission of light through apertures is also discussed, along with potential applications. New breakthroughs in micro scale multiple zone plate optics as a micro convex lens are reviewed, along with the newly discovered pseudo-focal point not predicted with conventional optics modeling. Micron-sized solid state beam scanner chips for laser waveguides are reviewed as well.</P>

Theoretical study of Fluorine Doping Effect on the Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor

Choi, U-Sung,Kim, Dong Hee,Lee, Kee Hag 群山大學校基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

?? (z=0. 0.5, 1) 형태의 Y-Ba-Cu-O 초전도계에 대하여 Extended Huckel 분자궤도계산을 수행하였다. 불소화된 Y-Ba-Cu-O 초전도체의 전자구조와 성질을 연구하기 위하여 전체 에너지, 상대적 안정도, Cu(1)의 ?? 상태와 Cu(2)의 ?? 상태 사이의 에너지 gaps등을 조사하였다. HOMO-LUMO 에너지 gaps과 상대적인 안정도에 있어서 Y-Ba-Cu-O 초전도계의 high-Tc와 초전도에 ?? 의 경우 보다 영향을 덜 미칠 것으로 기대된다. Extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations have been performed on Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor systems, ?? Where z=0, 0.5, and 1.0. The total energies, relative stabilities, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps between Cu(1) ?? state and Cu(2) ?? state were investigated to study the electronic structure and properties of the fluorinated Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. In this study, we would expect that in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor systems, the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps relative stabilities of ?? would have a less effect than the case of ??.

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Conjugated Heteroquinonoid Isologues of TCNQ

Choi, U Sung 원광대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1993 工業技術開發硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Using the PM3 semiemprical calculations we have studied TCNQ isologues of thiopheno-, selenopheno-, furano-, telluropheno-quinonoid types. The dipole moments(μ), first-order(α), second-order(β), and third-order(γ) polarizabilities were investigated to study the nonlinear optical properties of the conjugated homologues of hetero-TCNQ(X=0,S, Se, Te). In particular, TCNQ isologues of thiopheno-quinonoid types(X = 5) are expected to act the formation of highly nonlinear optical materials.