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The Effect of Sea Cucumber Saponins on Phospholipid Multilayered Liposomes
Yu, Byung Sul,Jo, In Ho,Kim, Ae Ri,Hong, Kyeng Hwa,Kitagawa, Isao 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.4
In order to gain an understanding of the lytic activity of sea cucumber saponins, turbidity change according to the theory of Bangham and Mie with minor modification was observed. The effect of purified sea cucumber saponins on the initial osmotic swelling behavior, which has a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the serially diluted lipid concentration of the liposomes, was also studied by exposing the liposome to hypotonic glucose solution. The lysis phenomena due to the interaction of sea cucumber saponins with phospospholipid multilayered liposome seems to be dependent on the presence of cholesterol component, especially. Also structural differences of the terminal sugar moiety of these saponins, particulary the number and the position, have influence on the lytic activity. All these saponins increased the initial swelling rate of cholesterol-containing liposome. But in cholesterol-free liposome, the two saponins except Echinoside A which has also lytic activity on liposome without cholesterol, do not have significant in fluence on the initial swelling rate in comparison with Echinoside A.
Effects of Saponins on the Osmotic Behavior of Multilamellar Liposomes
Yu, Byung-Sul,Chung, Hyun-Ho,Kim, Aeri The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1984 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.7 No.1
Effects of total ginseng saponin, 20-S-protopanaxadiol saponin, 20-S-protopanaxatriol saponin and playcodon saponin on the osmotic behavior of liposomes were investigated by optical measurement. These saponins showed different activities on liposomal membrane, and cholesterol in liposomes was an important factor to this variation of saponin activities.
The effects of digitonin and glycyrrhizin liposomes
Yu, Byung-Sul,Choi, Hyun-Ok The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1986 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.9 No.3
Digitonin is a strong hemolysin and glycyrrhizin has protective activity against the deterring effect of other hemolytic saponins. The interaction of these saponins with liposomes was studied as a function of cholesterol in membrane. In the case of multilamellar vesicles, which act as ideal osmometers, digitonin distrupted the barrier function of liposomes composed of phosphatidyl choline, dicetyl phosphate and cholesterol, however, did not influence on cholesterol-lacking liposomes. Glycyrrhizin had similar effect on liposomes irrespective of cholesterol in membrane. In the test with large unilamellar vesicles, digitonin increased the lysis with increasing cholesterol content in membrane, but glycyrrhizin showed no detectable change in cholesterol-containing liposomes. These results suggest that incorporation of cholesterol into liposomes increases the susceptibility to digitonin, resulting in lysis of liposomes, and that the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin against other hemolytic saponins in cholesterol-independent.
Studies for the osmotic parameter of liposomes
Yu, Byung-Sul,Seo, Weon-Gyo,Jeon, Young-Ho The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1987 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.10 No.2
By using the former equation (8), we modified the equation which can show the dissimilar osmotic behavior of liposome with composition change. The slope of the new equation was presented as the ratio of osmotically active volume (V$_{act}$= ) to the total volume (V$_{totel}$= $_{acl}$+ V$_{dead}$ ; V$_{dead}$ is osmotically inactive volume) of loposomes, we defined is as a Z-value, which can elucidate the dissimilarity of the osmotic activity of multilamellar liposomes with the change of phospholipid composition and the differences of physicochemical properties of liposomes. Z-value was applied for studying the physico-chemical properties of liposomal membrane. The factor that affects on the Z-value was not the lipid concentration of liposome stock dispersion but the lipid composition of liposomal membrane. As the content of dicetylphosphate, the negative charged phospholipid, was increased, the osmotic activity, represented by Z-value, of multilamellar liposome was decreased. Using the hypertonic conditions (shrinking region), Z-value steadily increased and reached a maximum at 10 mole percent cholesterol with increasing the cholesterol content.
Specific Association of Riboflavin and Penicillin Derivatives in Chloroform Solution
Byung Sul Yu 대한약학회 1974 약학회지 Vol.18 No.3
From the measurements of infrared and fluorescence spectra riboflavin-2'',3'',4'',5''-tetraacetate has been found to associate with penicillin-V more than strongly with themselves. They form the 1 : 1 cyclic hydrogen bonded dimer through the imino and the 2-C carbonyl groups of the isoalloxazine ring and the imino group of the penicillin-V ressidue. Penicillin-V is an effective quencher of the fluorescence of riboflavin tetraacetate. The quenching appears mainly due to the coplanar interction through hydrogen bonds partly due to the collision interaction with the penicillin ring.
Interaction of flavins and some alcohols on the molecular level
Yu, Byung-Sul,Chung, Hyun-Ho,Lee, Sang-Jong,Kim, Yang-Bae,Kim, Chong-Kook The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1981 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.4 No.1
The effect of some alcohols on the riboflavin derivatives in non-polar solvent was studied by various spectroscopic method in order to support the view point that alcohol may directly interect with the isoalloxazine moiety of FAD, the coenzyme of D-amino-acid oxidase. The most possible association complex between alcohol and riboflavin is the 1:1 complex through the 2-C carbonyl function of the isollaxazine ring nd the hydroxyl proton of alcohol. It is appeared that methanol has a larger association constant than any other alcohols, and the association constant decreases with the carbon number increases and being bulkier in the alkyl group of alcohols.
Biophysical study of bioactive-substance conformation and interaction with drugs in solution
Yu, Byung-Sul,Lee, Bong-Jin,Sohn, Dong-Hwan The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1985 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.8 No.3
The interaction of salicylic acid (S. A.), salicylamide (S,M) with nucleic acid base derivatives such as 9-ethyl adenine (A), 1-cyclohexyl uracil (U), 2', 3'-benzylidine-5' trityl-cytidine (C), gaunosine-2', 3', 5'-isobutylate (G) has been spectroscopically investigated to determine the binding mechanism. NMR and IR spectra were measured in nonpolar solvents. The association constant K of the formation of complex was calculated from the IR spectra. Compounds S. A. and A form a 1:1 or 1:2 cyclic hydrogen-bonded complex depending on the sample concentration. Compounds S. A. and U form a 1:1 or 1:2 hydrogen-bonded complex on the sample concentration. Compounds S. A. and C form a 2:1 hydrogen-bonded complex at low concentration (0.0016M). Compound S. A. binds compound G, but its binding does not completely break the self-association of compound G, Compound S. M. binds compounds A. U. C. G. very weakly.
On the reaction of nucleic acid deerivatives with rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_4L_2$
Yu, Byung-Sul,Kim, Bak-Kwang The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1978 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.1 No.1
Rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$, an antinumor drug, was shown to reactr with nucleic acid base derivatives, A, G, U and C in chloroform solution. When these derivatives were treated with one of novel metal compounds, rhodium carboxylate in chloroform solution, a fairly strong complex formation was observed by spectroscopic techniques. The characteristic of these complex was that binding occured at the two axial positions of rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$ to the NH or )$NH_2$ group of the base in the ligands.
Molecular interaction between a reduced riboflavin derivative and salicylic acid derivatives
Yu, Byung-Sul,Sohn, Dong-Hwan,Sohn, Dong-Hwan The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1985 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.8 No.3
The interaction of reduced riboflavin 2', 3', 4', 5'-tetrabutyrate with salicylic acid, aspirin, and salicylamide has been spectroscopically investigated to determine the binding mechanism. Hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 unclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and absoption spectra were measured in chloform-d and chloroform. The association of the reduced riboflavin with salicylic acid derivatives is different from that osidizd one. Salicylic acid and the reduced riboflavin form a cyclic hydrogen bounded complex through the imino (3-N, 5-N) protons and the carbonyl (2-C, 4-C) oxygens of the isolloxazine ring of the latter, and the carboxylic hydroxyl proton and carbonyl oxygen of the former. Aspirin and the reduced riboflavin form a complex by the same mode as salicylic acid. Salicylamide forms a cyclic hydrogen bonded complex with the reduced riboflavin through the imino (3-N, 5-N) protons and the carbonyl (2-C, 4-C) oxygens of the isoalloxazine ring, and the amino proton and the carbonyl oxygen of salic aylmide. It appears that both the oxidized and reduced form of riboflavin are associated with salicylic acid derivatives.