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Dasgupta, Betty,Yadav, Vijay Laxmi,Mondal, Monoj Kumar Techno-Press 2013 Advances in environmental research Vol.2 No.1
The paper aims to characterise the waste generated in municipality of Varanasi, the most populated city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. MSW is a heterogeneous waste and composition of the waste varied from season to season. The generation, collection and management of waste have become a major environmental problem in most of the developing cities. MSW was collected from open dumping grounds for 2 consecutive years. Each year was classified into 3 seasons of 4 months. On analysis it was found that the biodegradable fraction is always more than other fractions with a minimum of 48.25% in rainy season. With such a high fraction of biodegradable wastes, options such as composting and biomethanation could be tried to convert waste into energy. The average weight of waste generation at present is 0.460 kg per capita per day. The study showed that waste generation and collection were increasing every year, which may be attributed to increase in population.
Removal of Orange G from aqueous solution by hematite: Isotherm and mass transfer studies
Monoj Kumar Mondal,Sudama Singh,Meka Umareddy,Betty Dasgupta 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.6
The efficiency of hematite for the removal of Orange G from aqueous solution has been studied at various concentrations as a function of time, temperatures and pH. It was found that the low initial concentration, low temperature and low pH favor the removal process. The maximum adsorption of the dye on hematite has been recorded at 25 mg/l concentration, 303 K temperature and pH 3. The negative values of change in free energy and enthalpy indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process, respectively. Fixation and immobilization of the dye molecules at the surface of hematite as a result of adsorption are responsible for the negative entropy effect. The effect of pH was described by considering coulombic attraction and aqua complex formation approaches. The applicability of various adsorption isotherms--Langmuir, Freundlich and Jossens--was tested in order to find the most suitable isotherm. The Freundlich isotherm was fitted with the data of the present study.