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- 저자 : Bertelli, N. (검색결과 4 건)
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Survey of heating and current drive for K-DEMO
Mikkelsen, D.R.,Kessel, C.E.,Poli, F.M.,Bertelli, N.,Kim, K. International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 Nuclear fusion Vol.58 No.3
<P>We present calculations of heating and current drive by neutral injection and by electromagnetic waves in the ion cyclotron, helicon, lower hybrid, and electron cyclotron frequency ranges for the steady state burn conditions in a K-DEMO configuration with <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$I_{\rm p}=12.3$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn001.gif'/> MA, <I>a</I> = 2.1 m, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$R_{\rm o}=6.8$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn002.gif'/> m, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$B_{\rm o}=7.4$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn003.gif'/> T, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\nebar}{{\overline{n}_{\rm e}}} \nebar=1.1 \times 10^{20}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn004.gif'/> m<SUP>−3</SUP>, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$T(0)=40$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn005.gif'/> keV, and <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$Z_{\rm eff}=1.5$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn006.gif'/>. Lower hybrid wave current drive calculations comprise a 2D scan over poloidal launcher location and launched <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\Nparallel}{{n_{\Vert}}} \Nparallel$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn007.gif'/>, at a fixed frequency of 5 GHz. An ICRF frequency scan over 50–100 MHz is based on an ITER-like ICRF midplane antenna; the absorption calculation includes thermal D, T, He, Ar, and W as well as suprathermal beam ions and alphas. Helicon fast wave performance is surveyed by varying frequency over 0.6–2.5 GHz, launched <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\Nparallel}{{n_{\Vert}}} \Nparallel$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn008.gif'/> from −1.6 to −3, and launcher position from top to bottom on the low-field side. An ITER-like 1 MeV neutral beam system with quasi-tangential geometry is scanned over elevation to vary the targeted minor radius. The electron cyclotron survey varies the frequency (190–300 GHz), launcher poloidal location, and the poloidal and toroidal direction of the launched waves. We report for each system the range of minor radius in which current is driven, the current drive efficiency, the optimal system parameters, and typical profiles of driven current. Electron and ion heating profiles are reported for the ICRF and NBI systems.</P>
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Etiopathogenesis of sacroiliitis: implications for assessment and management
Baronio, Manuela,Sadia, Hajra,Paolacci, Stefano,Prestamburgo, Domenico,Miotti, Danilo,Guardamagna, Vittorio A.,Natalini, Giuseppe,Bertelli, Matteo The Korean Pain Society 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.4
The sacroiliac joints connect the base of the sacrum to the ilium. When inflamed, they are suspected to cause low back pain. Inflammation of the sacroiliac joints is called sacroiliitis. The severity of the pain varies and depends on the degree of inflammation. Sacroiliitis is a hallmark of seronegative spondyloarthropathies. The presence or absence of chronic sacroiliitis is an important clue in the diagnosis of low back pain. This article aims to provide a concise overview of the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sacroiliitis to aid clinicians in the assessment and management of sacroiliitis. For this narrative review, we evaluated articles in English published before August 2019 in PubMed. Then, we selected articles related to the painful manifestations of the sacroiliac joint. From the retrieved articles, we found that chronic sacroiliitis may be caused by various forms of spondyloarthritis, such as ankylosing spondyloarthritis. Sacroiliitis can also be associated with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, gout, tuberculosis, brucellosis, and osteoarthritis, indicating common underlying etiological factors. The pathophysiology of sacroiliitis is complex and may involve internal, environmental, immunological, and genetic factors. Finally, genetic factors may also play a central role in progression of the disease. Knowing the genetic pre-disposition for sacroiliitis can be useful for diagnosis and for formulating treatment regimens, and may lead to a substantial reduction in disease severity and duration and to improved patient performance.
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