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        Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Via Hybrid Firefly Algorithm With Upper Bound Strategy

        Razi Sheikholeslami,Behnam Gholipour Khalili,Ali Sadollah,김중훈 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.6

        This paper represents a novel hybrid optimization method that uses an improved firefly algorithm with a harmony search algorithm (IFA-HS), for optimizing the cost of reinforced concrete retaining walls. The IFA-HS is utilized to find an economical design adhering to ACI 318-05 provisions. Two design examples regarding retaining walls are optimized using the proposed hybrid method, and the optimization results confirm the validity and efficiency of the developed algorithm. The IFA-HS method offers improvements on the recently developed firefly algorithm. These improvements include utilizing the memory that contains information extracted online during a search, employing pitch adjusting operation of HS during firefly updates, and modifying the movement phase of the FA. Moreover, to decrease the computational effort of the IFA-HS, the upper bound strategy, which is a recently developed strategy for reducing the total number of structural analyses, is incorporated during the optimization process.

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