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Ayrilmis, Nadir,Kwon, Jin-Heon,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Han, Tae-Hyung,Park, Chan-Woo Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Journal of adhesion science and technology Vol.30 No.18
<P>The relationship between urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives (E0 and E1 classes) and microfibrillated-cellulose (MFC) and its effect on the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) were investigated. Bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, and tensile shear strength of the LVLs were determined. The morphology, gel time, viscosity, and acidity of the modified UF adhesives were also investigated. The tensile shear strength of the LVLs significantly increased (2.89 to 3.35 N/mm(2)) as the MFC suspension was increased to 3.75 g in the 7.50 g E0 class UF adhesive, while it slightly increased (3.10 to 3.16 N/mm(2)) as the MFC suspension was increased to 2.5 g in the 8.75 g E1 class UF adhesive. The results showed that the bond performance of the E0 class adhesive with the MFC was better than that of the E1 class adhesive with the MFC. The MFC was found to be valuable nanoscale reinforcing filler for the improvement of bond performance of UF adhesive, in particular, E0 class adhesive, in the production of wood-based composites.</P>
Nadir Ayrilmis,Alperen Kaymakci,Ferhat Ozdemir 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3
Injection molded specimens were prepared from the walnut shell flour and polypropylene with and without maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene at 40, 50, and 60% (weight) contents of the walnut shell. The bending and tensile modulus of the composites significantly increased with increasing the filler content while the bending and tensile strengths significantly decreased. Water absorption and thickness swelling of the composites increased with increasing filler content. The MAPP improved the interfacial adhesion between walnut shell flour and polymer matrix. A 40/57/3 formulation of the walnut shell flour/polypropylene/MAPP can be used in outdoor applications requiring a high dimensional stability.
Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber manufactured by cold pressing and heat treatment
Kwon, J.H.,Shin, R.H.,Ayrilmis, N.,Han, T.H. Scientific and Technical Press ; Elsevier Science 2014 Materials & design Vol.62 No.-
Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of solid wood lumbers which were cold pressed in a press and then heat treated in a kiln. Two different kinds of domestic thinning small-diameter softwood (Ginko biloba L.) and hardwood (Tilia amurensis Rupr.) were used in this study. First 50mm thick lumbers were cold pressed until 35mm (30% of control lumber) using a stopper for 5min. Then the cold pressed lumbers were heat treated in an electric kiln at 180<SUP>o</SUP>C for 6, 12, 24, or 48h. To increase the utilizability of woods, the LVLs were produced from 4mm thick veneers prepared from the heat treated lumbers using a veneer saw. Each LVL sample consisted of 5 layers which were subsequently 48h-, 24h-, 12h-, and 6h-treated veneers and untreated veneer (from top layer to bottom layer). The shrinkage rates of softwood and hardwood were considerably decreased with increasing temperature. The mechanical properties of heat treated samples were better than those of unpressed control samples. The bending strength and modulus of elasticity of the LVLs manufactured from cold pressed and then heat treated lumbers were slightly lower than those of untreated woods. The colour values obtained from the heat treated wood samples showed a clear effect of the temperature on the colour changes.
Kwon, Jin Heon,Park, Sang Bum,Ayrilmis, Nadir,Kim, Nam Hun,Kwon, Sung Min SAGE Publications 2013 Journal of composite materials Vol.47 No.16
<P>The effect of carbonization temperature on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, electrical resistivity, and mechanical performance of medium density fiberboards carbonized in a vacuum furnace under a gas flow of nitrogen (200 mL/min) between 400 and 1500 was investigated. The medium density fiberboards specimens carbonized below 700 showed stable and low electromagnetic interference values (1.3–7.6 dB) between 10 MHz and 1 GHz frequency. The electromagnetic interference (average 43.1 dB) of the MDF specimens carbonized at 800 were suitable for industrial applications. However, the MDF specimens carbonized above 900–1500 showed high electromagnetic interference values (66.8<B>–</B>84.6 dB). When the carbonization temperature increased from 600 to 700, the electrical resistivity of the specimens greatly decreased (180.9 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> to 137.5 Ω-cm). A further increment in the carbonization temperature (1200) had a small effect on the electrical resistivity (5.8 Ω-cm) of the specimens and no effect between 1300 (0.5 Ω-cm) and 1500 (0.5 Ω-cm). The carbonized specimens showed lower modulus of rupture and internal bond strength values than the untreated specimens but the differences between the strength values of the untreated specimens and the carbonized specimens decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. The modulus of elasticities of the specimens carbonized above 800 were higher than the untreated specimens.</P>
Heon Kwon, J.,Lee, S.H.,Ayrilmis, N.,Hyung Han, T. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. 2015 International journal of adhesion & adhesives Vol.60 No.-
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive mixtures with a 5% suspension of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) at 0.5, 1, 3, and 5wt% loading levels based on the solid weight (62.4%) of the UF adhesive were prepared. Beech lamellas with dimensions of 5mmx20mmx150mm were prepared from beech lumbers using a planer saw. The UF adhesive (E0 class) was mixed with the MFC using a magnetic stirrer to achieve a proper distribution of the MFC in the UF adhesive. The tensile shear strength of single lap-joint specimens bonded with UF adhesive containing MFC was determined in accordance with EN 205 (2003). The specimens bonded with UF adhesive containing the MFC showed better tensile shear strengths as compared to the control. As compared to the control specimens, the tensile shear strength of the specimens increased by 5.7% as 3wt% of the MFC was incorporated into the UF adhesive. However, a further increment in the MFC content up to 5wt% decreased the tensile shear strength of the specimens (-14.3% of control specimen). The MFCs were well dispersed in the UF resin and were cross-linked to form a network to reinforce the bond line, improving bonding performance.