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      • Wearable and durable triboelectric nanogenerators via polyaniline coated cotton textiles as a movement sensor and self-powered system

        Dudem, Bhaskar,Mule, Anki Reddy,Patnam, Harishkumar Reddy,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.55 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, wearable and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted tremendous research interest owing to their ability to harvest the energy from working environments and been further utilized to power various portable electronics. In this regard, for the first time, we report a polyaniline (PANI)-based flexible and wearable TENG in low-processing cost with superior electrical performance and durability. The cotton textile with good flexibility and intertwined micro-fibrous network is utilized as a scaffold to deposit PANI by a facile, cost-effective and low-temperature in-situ polymerization method. Moreover, the fibrous textured cotton textile can also offer high surface roughness, which enhances the output performance of TENG. Herein, this PANI coated worn-out cotton textile (PANI@WCT) is employed as a positive triboelectric material and electrode to design a TENG. The PANI@WCT produced at the deposition time of 20 h is realized as an optimal sample to attain high output performance. The electrical stability and mechanical durability of PANI@WCT-based TENG (PW-TENG) are also examined under long-term cyclic compression operations and various mechanical deformation cycles. Furthermore, the PANI@WCT has a potency in constructing vertical contact-separation dual-electrode mode TENG as well as it also serves as a single-electrode mode. So, the electrical output performance of single-electrode mode PW-TENG is also analyzed while it makes a contact with various materials available in our daily life. Finally, to demonstrate the practical applications of PW-TENG, the generated power is used to drive various portable electronics for wearable electronic applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We reported a polyaniline-based flexible and wearable TENG in low-processing cost with superior performance. </LI> <LI> It exhibited a stable electrical performance even after long-term compression and mechanical deformation operations. </LI> <LI> PANI@WCT has a potency in constructing the dual-electrode mode as well as a single-electrode mode TENG. </LI> <LI> Finally, the PW-TENG was employed to drive various portable electronics for wearable electronic applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Enhanced Performance of Microarchitectured PTFE-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Simple Thermal Imprinting Lithography for Self-Powered Electronics

        Dudem, Bhaskar,Kim, Dong Hyun,Mule, Anki Reddy,Yu, Jae Su American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.28

        <P>Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is an emerging field to harvest various kinds of mechanical energies available in our living environment. Nowadays, for industrial and large-scale area applications, developing the TENG with low device processing cost and high electrical output is a major issue to be resolved. Herein, we designed a TENG with low cost by employing the microgrooved architectured (MGA)-poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE; Teflon) and aluminum as triboelectric materials with opposite tendencies. Moreover, the MGA-PTFE was fabricated by a single-step, facile, and cost-effective thermal imprinting lithography technique via micropyramidal textured silicon as a master mold, fabricated by a wet-chemical etching method. Therefore, designing the TENG device by following these techniques can definitely reduce its manufacturing cost. Additionally, the electrical output of TENG was enhanced by adjusting the imprinting parameters of MGA-PTFE. Consequently, the MGA-PTFE was optimized at an imprinting pressure and temperature of 5 MPa and 280 °C, respectively. Thus, the TENG with an optimal MGA-PTFE polymer exhibited the highest electrical output. A robustness test of TENG was also performed, and its output power was used to drive light-emitting diodes and portable electronic devices. Finally, the real application of TENG was also examined by employing it as a smart floor and object-falling detector.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

      • Enhancing the output performance of hybrid nanogenerators based on Al-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> composite films: a self-powered utility system for portable electronics

        Dudem, Bhaskar,Bharat, L. Krishna,Patnam, Harishkumarreddy,Mule, Anki Reddy,Yu, Jae Su The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.33

        <P>Enhancing the output performance of nanogenerators using composite films consisting of a piezoelectric material embedded into polymers has gained much attention over the last few years. Such composite films can provide a high surface charge density and dielectric permittivity, which can further efficiently enhance the performance of nanogenerators. We, for the first time, employed aluminum (Al)-doped barium titanate (BaTiO3; ABTO) particles to enhance the performance of nanogenerators. These ABTO particles were synthesized <I>via</I> a solid-state technique, and the effect of Al dopant concentration on their crystallinity and ferroelectric properties was systematically investigated. However, the BTO particles with 2% Al dopant concentration exhibited a high remnant polarization and piezoelectric coefficient, and they were further employed to efficiently enhance the output performance of the hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerators. For this, these ABTO particles were first mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare a composite film. Next, the ABTO/PDMS composite film was employed as a piezoelectric material and triboelectric material of the hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) and exhibited a high output performance owing to their synergetic effects. In addition, the influence of the surface roughness of the composite film on the performance of the HNG was also investigated and optimized. Consequently, the HNG device with the rough surface ABTO/PDMS composite film exhibited maximal open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power density values of ∼945 V, ∼59.8 μA, and ∼42.4 W m<SUP>−2</SUP>, respectively. For practical device application, the stable and high electrical power generated from the HNG device was employed to light several light-emitting diodes and power portable electronic devices.</P>

      • Engineering squandered cotton into eco-benign microarchitectured triboelectric films for sustainable and highly efficient mechanical energy harvesting

        Graham, Sontyana Adonijah,Dudem, Bhaskar,Mule, Anki Reddy,Patnam, Harishkumarreddy,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.61 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Harvesting mechanical energy from daily life human activities has gained tremendous interest, along with the concept of waste to wealth which has been also a major concern from a few decades. In this regards, firstly, we fabricated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles from the squandered cotton and they were further dissolved into biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to develop a triboelectric material. The resultant cellulose loaded PVA film (CPF) was employed as a positive triboelectric material to design a coin-cell type TENG, whereas the Kapton was used as a negative material. Design of such TENG using CPF can reduce the processing cost and is also significant to incorporate the waste cotton into an energy harvesting device. Besides, the effect of electrical output performance of CPF-based prototype TENG (CPF-<I>p</I>TENG) as a function of the concentration of MCC particles loaded into PVA was also systematically studied and optimized. Thus, the CPF-<I>p</I>TENG with the 2.5 wt% of cellulose added into PVA exhibited a stable and high electrical output. The electrical performance of CPF-<I>p</I>TENG was further enhanced by introducing the microarchitectures on the surface of CPF, and it exhibited comparatively very high voltage, current and power density values of ∼600 V, 50 μA and 84.5 W/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Finally, to demonstrate the practical or commercial applications, a MACPF-based coin-cell type TENG (i.e., MACPF-<I>cc</I>TENG) was developed to harvest the mechanical energies available in daily human life by placing it under the human-foot medial arch, which can be further utilized as a self-power system to drive various portable electronics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We reported a dynamic conversion of squandered cotton into microarchitectured triboelectric films with low processing cost. </LI> <LI> Using these films, a coin-cell type TENG was fabricated, which exhibited a high and durable electrical output. </LI> <LI> Such coin-cell type TENG was placed under medial arch of human foot to harvest various human actions. </LI> <LI> Human foot medial arch was first time proposed as the perfect location for the coin-cell type TENG. </LI> <LI> It also employed as a self-powered system to drive various portable electronics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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