Sensory difference tests: Overdispersion and warm-up

Angulo, O.,Lee, H.S.,O'Mahony, M. Longman Scientific Technical ; Elsevier Science Pu 2007 Food quality and preference Vol.18 No.2

For sensory difference tests, one way, but not the only way, of dealing with the problem of overdispersion is to use a beta-binomial analysis. Commonly, binomial statistical analyses are used for these methods and they assume that the sensitivity of the judges is uniform. However, judge sensitivity varies and this adds a problematical extra variance to the distribution. This is termed overdispersion and renders simple binomial analysis prone to Type I error. The distribution of sensitivity of the judges is described by a beta-distribution. The analysis, combining beta and binomial distributions, gives an index, gamma. This ranges from zero, for no overdispersion, to unity, for total overdispersion. A compact beta-distribution clustered around the mean of the binomial distribution, would add little extra variance and elicit minimum distortion of the binomial distribution, yielding a zero or near zero gamma value. A more scattered or even bimodal beta-distribution would have a substantial effect and yield a significant gamma value. One question that has been posed is whether some test methods are more prone to overdispersion than others. Yet, a consideration of the reasons for overdispersion would suggest that significant gamma values were more a result of obtaining a heterogenous sample of sensitive and insensitive judges by chance. To confirm this, 'less sensitive' and 'more sensitive' samples of judges performed 2-AFC and 3-AFC tests with resulting zero gamma values, indicating no overdispersion. However, when the less and more sensitive groups were combined, significant gamma values were obtained, indicating the presence of overdispersion. However, in a further experiment using 2-AFC tests, when the 'less sensitive' group had its sensitivity increased by a 'warm-up' procedure, combination with the 'more sensitive' group did not result in overdispersion.

Influence of Quaternary Benzophenantridine and Protopine Alkaloids on Growth Performance, Dietary Energy, Carcass Traits, Visceral Mass, and Rumen Health in Finishing Ewes under Conditions of Severe Temperature-humidity Index

Estrada-Angulo, A.,Aguilar-Hernandez, A.,Osuna-Perez, M.,Nunez-Benitez, V.H.,Castro-Perez, B.I.,Silva-Hidalgo, G.,Contreras-Perez, G.,Barreras, A.,Plascencia, A.,Zinn, R.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

Twenty $Pelibuey{\times}Katahdin$ ewes ($35{\pm}2.3kg$) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was $81.7{\pm}1.0$ (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect ($p{\geq}0.12$) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.

Quantifying the Enhancement of Tropical Precipitation Due to Mesoscale Convective Organization

Pedro Angulo-Umana,Daehyun Kim 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

The fundamental dynamics of mesoscale convective organization, as well as the effects of organization on tropical precipitation, remain poorly understood. Previous studies, utilizing distinct methodologies for the quantification and characterization of organization over domains, have reached mixed and sometimes contradictory conclusions as to the relationship between convective organization and the strength of precipitation. This study seeks to provide quantitative, observational constraints on the enhancement of precipitation due to convective organization. We isolate and diagnose the enhancement of tropical precipitation attributable to mesoscale convective organization by using NASA Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission precipitation and rain type data. Utilizing the organization index of Tompkins and Semie (2017) to quantify the degree of mesoscale convective organization, we analyze tropical precipitation by binning our data by both the column relative humidity (CRH) and convective area fraction (CAF) of the domains considered. Among domains with similar CRH and CAF, finding the difference in precipitation rate between those domains with organization indices in the top quartile and those with organization indices in the bottom quartile gives an estimation of the enhancement of tropical precipitation that is due solely to an increased level of organization. Using this method, we find that tropical domains with organization indices in the top quartile of domains with similar CRH and CAF have a mean precipitation rate on average 43.8% greater than those domains with organization indices in the bottom quartile. We further demonstrate that the mechanism behind this enhancement is dependent on the CRH of the domain. As the domain becomes increasingly saturated, the enhancement of precipitation shifts from being due to an enhancement of the rate of convective precipitation to being due to an enhancement of the stratiform area fraction over the domain.

Effects of Combining Feed Grade Urea and a Slow-release Urea Product on Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Lambs Fed Finishing Diets with Different Starch to Acid Detergent Fiber Ratios

Estrada-Angulo, A.,Lopez-Soto, M.A.,Rivera-Mendez, C.R.,Castro, B.I.,Rios, F.G.,Davila-Ramos, H.,Barreras, A.,Urias-Estrada, J.D.,Zinn, R.A.,Plascencia, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.12

Recent findings have shown that microbial nitrogen flow and digestible energy of diets are increased when urea is combined with a slow-release urea (SRU) in diets with a starch to acid detergent fibre ratio (S:F) 4:1. This affect is attributable to enhanced synchrony between ruminal N availability for microbial growth and carbohydrate degradation. To verify the magnitude of this effects on lamb performance, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining urea and a SRU in diets containing S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1, or 5:1 on performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. For that, 40 Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($36.65{\pm}3kg$) were assigned to one of five weight groupings in 20 pens (5 repetition/treatments). The S:F ratio in the diet was manipulated by partially replacing the corn grain and dried distiller's grain with solubles by forage (wheat straw) and soybean meal to reach S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1. An additional treatment of 4:1 S:F ratio with 0.8% urea as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used as a reference for comparing the effect of urea combination vs. conventional urea at the same S:F ratio. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI). Compared the urea combination vs urea at the same S:F ratio, urea combination increased (p<0.01) average daily gain (ADG, 18.3%), gain for feed (G:F, 9.5%), and apparent energy retention per unit DMI (8.2%). Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved the observed-to-expected dietary ratio and apparent retention per unit DMI was maximal (quadratic effect, $p{\leq}0.03$) at an S:F ratio of 4:1, while the conventional urea treatment did not modify the observed-to-expected net energy ratio nor the apparent retention per unit DMI at 4:1 S:F ratio. Urea combination group tended (3.8%, p = 0.08) to have heavier carcasses with no effects on the rest of carcass characteristics. As S:F ratio increased, ADG, G:F, dietary net energy, carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus thoracis (LM) area increased linearly ($p{\leq}0.02$). Combining urea and a slow-release urea product results in positive effects on growth performance and dietary energetics, but the best responses are apparently observed when there is a certain proportion (S:F ratio = 4:1) of starch to acid detergent fibre in the diet.

Prensa e identidad

Miguel Angel Angulo Giraldo 부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원 2017 이베로아메리카 Vol.19 No.2

El tratamiento sobre los indios en Nueva corónica y buen gobierno de Guaman Poma

Miguel Angel Angulo Giraldo 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2016 이베로아메리카 Vol.18 No.2

The present research analyzes the various indigenous peoples that Guamán Poma presents in the chapter “About the indigenous Christians from this kingdom” in The First New Chronicle and Good Government. It begins identifying three main aspects: different classifications, appreciations and characterizations of indigenous; the way in which the Andean world and the Spanish Christian world are connected in the colonial structure; and the narratives about the Indian identity to the extent that the worlds described allow new reconfigurations of being an Indian from and in relation to the “other” Spanish.

El tratamiento sobre los indios cristianos en Nueva corónica y buen gobierno de Guaman Poma

Miguel Angel Angulo Giraldo 부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원 2016 이베로아메리카 Vol.18 No.2

The present research analyzes the various indigenous peoples that Guamán Poma presents in the chapter “About the indigenous Christians from this kingdom” in The First New Chronicle and Good Government. It begins identifying three main aspects: different classifications, appreciations and characterizations of indigenous; the way in which the Andean world and the Spanish Christian world are connected in the colonial structure; and the narratives about the Indian identity to the extent that the worlds described allow new reconfigurations of being an Indian from and in relation to the “other” Spanish. El presente trabajo analiza los diversos indios que el autor Guaman Poma presenta en el capítulo “De los indios cristianos de este reino” de Nueva corónica y buen gobierno, a partir de tres aspectos: las diferentes clasificaciones, valoraciones y caracterizaciones de los indios; la forma en la cual el mundo andino y el mundo español cristiano se encuentra conectados en la estructura colonial; y las narrativas sobre la identidad del indio en la medida en la que los mundos descritos permiten nuevas reconfiguraciones del ser indio desde y en relación con el “otro” español.

Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of elbow dysplasia

Simón Martí-Angulo,Núria García-López,Ana Díaz-Ramos 대한수의학회 2014 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.15 No.4

One hundred and five Labrador dogs were randomlydivided into two groups to determine the number of animalsthat develop elbow dysplasia when treated with an oralsupplement compared to untreated ones. Efficacy of the oraltreatment was also evaluated once illness was diagnosed. The supplement (Hyaloral) contained hyaluronic acid,hydrolysed collagen, glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate,and gamma oryzanol. Clinical evaluation of the elbow jointswas completed at months 3, 6, 12, and 20 by orthopaedicevaluations, radiography, serologic and blood analysis, andveterinarian evaluation of dysplasia symptoms. All sideeffects were recorded. In the control group, 33.3% of thedogs developed radiographic evidence of elbow dysplasiacompared to 18.5% in the treated group. Symptoms ofdysplasia at 12 months differed between the treated (12.5%)and control (61.5%) animals, and were significantlydifferent at 20 months (p < 0.05). Differences in lamenessalong with movement and swelling of the elbows betweengroups were observed after 12 months. The treated grouphad improved significantly by the last visit (p < 0.05). Noadverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, oraltreatment with Hyaloral may have a potential cumulativeaction that provides protection against dysplasia and significantly improves symptoms of elbow dysplasia.

Performance Study of Layered Division Multiplexing Based on SDR Platform

Montalban, Jon,Angulo, Itziar,Regueiro, Cristina,Yiyan Wu,Zhang, Liang,Sung-Ik Park,Jae-Young Lee,Heung Mook Kim,Velez, Manuel,Angueira, Pablo [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on broadcasting Vol.61 No.3

<P>Two of the main drawbacks of the current broadcasting services are, on the one hand, the lack of flexibility to adapt to the new generation systems requirements, and on the other hand, the incapability of taking a piece of the current mobile services market. In this paper, layered division multiplexing (LDM), which grew out of the concept of Cloud Txn, is presented as a very promising technique for answering those challenges and enhancing the capacity of broadcasting systems. The major contribution of this paper is to present the first comprehensive study of the LDM performance behavior. In particular, in this paper, the theoretical considerations of the LDM implementation are completed with the first computer based simulations and laboratory tests, covering a wide range of stationary channels and the mobile TU-6 channel. The results will support LDM as a strong candidate for multiplexing different services in the next generation broadcasting systems, increasing both flexibility and performance.</P>

Chaotic Synchronization of Regular and Irregular Complex Networks with Fractional Order Oscillators

Cornelio Posadas-Castillo,Sara Angulo-Guzman,Miguel Angel Platas-Garza,David Alejandro Diaz-Romero,Didier Lopez-Mancilla 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2016 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.14 No.4

Synchronization of N-coupled fractional-order (FO) chaotic oscillators arranged in regular and irregulartopologies is numerically studied. Synchronization is achieved based on the coupling matrix from the complexsystems theory. In particular, we consider complex dynamical networks composed by Lorenz, Volta, Duffing andFinancial FO chaotic oscillators, where the interaction of the nodes is defined by coupling only one state of eachFO oscillator.