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Prevention, Identification and Management of Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism
Salvatore Lazzara,Alberto Barbera,Guido Nicola Zanghì,Francesco Freni,Grazia Pagano,Andrea Cogliandolo,Ozer Makay,Gianlorenzo Dionigi 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2018 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.18 No.2
The objective of this article is to detail and present our experience on the incidence and management of parathyroid dysfunction after thyroid surgery. Selective evaluation of original articles and reviews that were retrieved by a PubMed search over the years 1990 to 2018, as well as of the recommendations of medical societies including the American, European and Asian Thyroid/Endocrine Associations. The literature presents several contributions, with controversial results. The recommended management for the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid dysfunction after bilateral thyroid surgery or recurrent surgery consists of an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) determination 12–24 hours after surgery and calcium substitution in iPTH <15 pg/mL, no substitution with iPTH ≥15 pg/mL. This procedure is safe for the patient and is accepted by patients and social insurances (for short hospital stay).
Giulia Trentin,Alberto Bertucco,Christos Georgakis,Eleonora Sforza,Elena Barbera 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.117 No.-
The production of cyanophycin by photosynthetic microorganisms, as a high-value bio-based compound,is getting increasing interest. The aim of this work is to maximize the production of this compound by thecyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. in semi-batch cultivation systems, by applying a data-driven modelingapproach based on the Design of Dynamic Experiments (DoDE) and Response Surface Model (RSM)methodologies. A first set of experiments, carried out inside an initially defined domain, was used to finda preliminary RSM model describing cyanophycin concentration as a function of incident light intensityprofile, temperature, and phosphorus supply profile. The model was then improved, according to an evolutionaryoptimization approach, by carrying out additional experiments in a modified domain, exploitinginformation derived by the initial model. The updated model was used to identify the optimaloperating conditions resulting in maximum cyanophycin concentration at the end of the batch. The cyanophycinconcentration found experimentally (228.2 ± 20.0 mg/L) in these conditions fell within the confidenceinterval of the model prediction. Remarkably, this experimentally obtained value represents asignificant (about 20 %) increase in the cyanophycin production with respect to the highest value foundin the experiments before the optimization step (184.3 ± 0.8 mg/L).
Treatment Decision Making in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Giuseppe Navarra,Guido Nicola Zanghì,Francesco Freni,Bruno Galletti,Francesco Galletti,Grazia Pagano,Andrea Cogliandolo,Alberto Barbera,Salvatore Lazzara,Gianlorenzo Dionigi 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2018 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.18 No.2
The objective of this article is to detail the treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The literature presents only few contributions, with controversial results, about comparison between ‘active surveillance’ and surgery. Hemithyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for PTMC. Thyroidectomy is indicated in cases of multifocality, extrathyroid tumor growth, and familial PTMCs. Active surveillance can only be done under well-defined and controlled conditions. Collected findings and agreements with the patient must be precisely documented, also for medico-legal reasons. An observation of PTMC seems most appropriate for patients >60 years of age. In the case of observation of a PTMC, a lifelong examination of the tumor disease must be carried out, since tumor growth or metastases can still occur after 10–15 years. The follow-up periods for the ‘active surveillance’ proposed from the literature review are too short to conclude this as a real alternative.