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- 저자 : Al-Khazaleh Ahmad (검색결과 2 건)
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Neutrosophic Conditional Probabilities: Theories and Applications
Ahmad M. H. Al-khazaleh,Shawkat Alkhazaleh 한국지능시스템학회 2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.22 No.1
Data could be uncertain, and the levels of precision of data are intuitively different. Neutrosophic set expressions are considered an alternative to represent imprecise data in such cases. In this paper, a general definition of neutrosophic conditional probability is introduced as a generalization of the classical conditional probability. Additionally, the properties of this neutrosophic conditional probability are presented. The concepts of joint distribution function, regular conditional probabilities, marginal density function, expected value, and joint density function in the classical type are generalized to a neutrosophic type with two discrete and continuous neutrosophic random variables. Various properties and examples are presented to demonstrate the significance of this study.
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Zhou Xian,Al-Khazaleh Ahmad,Afzal Sualiha,Kao Ming-Hui (Tim),Münch Gerald,Wohlmuth Hans,Leach David,Low Mitchell,Li Chun Guang 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.1
Extensive research supported the therapeutic potential of curcumin, a naturally occurring compound, as a promising cytokinesuppressive anti-inflammatory drug. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine activities by combining 6-shogaol and 10-shogaol to curcumin, and associated mechanisms in modulating lipopolysaccharides and interferon-ɣ-induced proinflammatory signaling pathways. Our results showed that the combination of 6-shogaol-10-shogaolcurcumin synergistically reduced the production of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor and interlukin- 6 in lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ-induced RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells assessed by the combination index model. 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin also showed greater inhibition of cytokine profiling compared to that of 6-shogaol-10-shogaol or curcumin alone. The synergistic anti-inflammatory activity was associated with supressed NFκB translocation and downregulated TLR4-TRAF6-MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, SC also inhibited microRNA-155 expression which may be relevant to the inhibited NFκB translocation. Although 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin synergistically increased Nrf2 activity, the anti-inflammatory mechanism appeared to be independent from the induction of Nrf2. 6-shogaol-10-shogaol-curcumin provides a more potent therapeutic agent than curcumin alone in synergistically inhibiting lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ induced proinflammatory mediators and cytokine array in macrophages. The action was mediated by the downregulation of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK pathway and NFκB translocation.
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