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CFD 기반 고밀도 데이터센터의 공기분배시스템 효율평가에 관한 비교연구
조진균(Jinkyun Cho),서원배(Wonbae Suh),우제상(Jesang Woo) 대한설비공학회 2020 설비공학 논문집 Vol.32 No.9
High energy costs and spiking energy consumption rates have forced data centers to rethink cooling strategies. Although traditional cooling approaches, such as perimeter cooling through a raised floor plenum, are prevalent, containment approaches are gaining significant inroads. Hot aisle containment (HAC) and cold aisle containment (CAC) can improve the efficiency of legacy data center cooling and the air distribution systems. While both solutions mitigate the air recirculation and bypass, there are operational differences in application that have significant results on IT environment conditions and the thermal performance of cooling. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal performance of an air distribution system as compared to the two HAC and the CAC. By using the CFD models, the simulation and analysis were performed, with a focus on comparing the inlet air temperature distribution of rack servers based on the ASHRAE guideline. The selection of the HAC over the CAC can improve 43.2% in cooling system efficiency, corresponding to 15.9% reduction in the recirculation ratio. This paper analyzes the methods and highlights why HAC appears as the preferred solution.
조진균(Jinkyun Cho) 대한설비공학회 2020 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.6
Operational energy is the energy that is used during the occupancy stage of building life cycle. It is associated with relatively longer proportion of infrastructure’s service life and can constitute 80-90% of the total energy. Assessing the energy use in buildings is essential since they are significant contributors to energy demand. In this regard, energy performance of buildings has become the focus of many regulations. This paper aimed to review the regulations about the energy performance of buildings during their operational stage in Korea. For energy efficient operation program for existing buildings, governments should implement policies and support voluntary programs that rely on collecting and managing building performance data and using this data to inform public and private-sector operation and maintenance strategies. Implementing these policies and programs requires tools and processes for collecting, curating, managing, analyzing, and publishing this data. Energy assessment tool, that is a data resource management tool that enables to assess energy use across the entire portfolio of buildings, is also required.
조진균(Jinkyun Cho) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
Since the existing Wells-Riley model does not obtain a spatial distribution of infection risk, it was difficult to make effective alternatives to prevent cross-infection in buildings. The newly proposed approach benchmarked and integrated the dilution ratio and the classic Wells-Riley model and on-site test method. Even if the locations of the infector and health care workers were not fixed in the room, it could be used to determine the spatial distribution of the infection risk based on the calculation of the dilution ratio at the measurement point. As for the on-site test method using tracer gas transmission, a framework and procedure that could evaluate the infection risk by location in a single space and cross-infection between rooms was presented.
COVID-19 선별진료소 환기계획 및 교차감염방지 검증
조진균(Jinkyun Cho),김진호(Jinho Kim),박병용(Beungyong Park),장승민(Jongwoon Song) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6
In this study, a new type of non-contact modular screening center (NCMSC) was developed to improve the problems of existing facilities, and an appropriate ventilation system was adapted. Ventilation performance evaluation for efficient virus discharge verified that cross-infection does not occur between a specimen collection both (SCB) and a examination room (ER) by numerical analysis and experiment. As a result of the CFD simulation, after 3,000 virus particles were released from the testees mouth in the SCB, 559 seconds passed, the number of particles remained below about 30, and 99% of the total particles were discharged. SF6 tracer gas was injected for 300 seconds at 0.54 m3/h, assuming the subjects breathing in the SCB. As a result of the tracer gas test, the concentration of SF6 in the SCB was continuously changed in the range of 300-600 ppm, whereas the concentration of SF6 in the ER was not detected within the error range of ±2.0 ppm.
[기술논문] 데이터센터 에너지절감을 위한 베이스라인 설정 및 측정/검증(M&V) 평가기준 조사연구
조진균(Jinkyun Cho),박병용(Beungyong Park) 대한설비공학회 2019 설비공학 논문집 Vol.31 No.12
IT industries are one of the major consumers of energy, with data centers consume an especially large portion of that power. The typical IT in a data center consumes up to 30 times more energy than a typical office building. M&V (Measurement and Verification) plans are useful for all building types, but high power density projects, such as data centers, will reap significant benefits, as measurement and benchmarking are key steps to improving energy efficiency. This paper specifies a standard for estimating savings from installation of mechanical and electrical systems in data centers, and recommends baselines for modifying or installing energy-efficient equipment in data centers. M&V is the process of using measurement to reliably determine actual savings for energy, demand, and cost within a site by ECMs (Energy Conservation Measures). This paper specifies standardized M&V approaches which target minimizing variations in quality across the analyses, and cover baseline requirements for new construction and retrofit projects and identifies rules.
용도별 에너지 요구량에 따른 대학 캠퍼스 에너지소비 구조 분석 - H 국립대학 캠퍼스 사례분석을 중심으로 -
조진균(Cho, Jinkyun),이영재(Lee, Youngjae) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.37 No.6
In 2017, universities and colleges in the Korea spend an average of 218,774 toe on electricity and 125,516 toe on natural gas annually. University campus energy consumption was second-highest among the building types. Because of the higher energy consumption, energy saving planning becomes more and more important for university campus. However, insufficient energy use data accumulation has been a significant barrier against fully understanding of energy use characteristics, and demand load features of campus buildings. This study aims to develop and implement an energy audit protocol to tackle the questions of energy efficiency for education buildings. Many universities have utilized a statistical data which may not fully capture the energy flow within the individual campus buildings. With the goal of overcoming these limitations, a methodology to reveal the campus energy flow of demand load and the five standard prototypes of energy flow for university building were developed. Taking H university for example, this paper proposes systematically how to make and analyze the campus-level energy structure. As a case study, the 3-year energy data of the electricity, natural gas and geothermal usage of a H university campus were analyzed by the descriptive statistics. The energy consumption structure in H university is summarized which can provide the basis for energy saving measures. The methodology for university energy structure analysis presented in this paper can give inspiration for a more thorough energy improvement approach, either for new single buildings or as renovation road-maps for a complete university campus.