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조규송,김범철,허우명,조성주 ( Kyu Song Cho,Bom Chul Kim,Woo Myung Heo,Sung Ju Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3
The phytoplankton community succession was surveyed in a mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, from 1984 to 1988. Asterionella was dominant in winter and spring blooms all through the study period. The dominant species in summer was Peridinium bipes in 1984 and 1985. However, it was replaced with a bluegreen alga, Anabaena microspora in 1986 late summer and after the first advent the period of blugreen algal dominance showed increasing tendency year by year through 1988. The standing crops of other major taxa, dinoflagellates, diatoms, and green algae, remained at the similar level during the study period except bluegreen algae. Local blooms of Peridinium were still observed at stream inlet sites after the advent of bluegreen algae in 1986. The species diversity decreased year by year, from average 0.81 of Shannon-Wiener index in 1985 to 0.55 in 1988 mainly due to the increasing dominance of Anabaena sp. Bluegreen algal bloom in a nitrogen-rich lake is the unique feature. Nitrate nitrogen was maintained always above 0.5 mgN/1 during the study period. The scarcity of heterocysts in trichomes of Anabaena implies that nitrogen fixation is not essential in Lake Soyang because of high nitrogen content. The mechanism of bluegreen dominance in this N-rich water is to be studied further.
Cluster analysis 에 의한 소양호의 (昭陽湖) 수체 (水體) 분석
조규송,안태석,김범철,이동훈 ( Kyu Song Cho,Tae Seok Ahn,Bom Chul Kim,Dong Hun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1987 생태와 환경 Vol.20 No.3
Cluster analysis was applied for the distinction of the water body in Soyang lake, whcih is the largest lake in Korea. For this analysis, the sixteen environmental parameters, such as water temperature, nutrient salts, organic materials, etc were used as the input data. The total data matrix was 16 parameters X 47 points (in 14 sites). After Standardization, the Euclidean distances between two points were calculate. By the results, main stream of Soyang lake can be classified with 5 groups in March, 10 groups in February. And two shallow tributaries, showed different grouping pattern from main stream. In March, and November, the vertical mixing was detected, and in August, the water body above 10 m was showed complex grouping pattern, and showed two water bodies in middle layer, and one in bottom layer.
김범철,조규송,허우명,김동섭 ( Bom Chul Kim,Kyu Song Cho,Woo Myung Heo,Dong Sup Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3
The trend of trophic status change in Lake Soyang from 1981 to 1989 was studied by the measrement of chlorophyll a concentration, transparency, total phosphorus concentration, and the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rate. And the phosphorus loading from the watershed was measured monthly at the main inflowing river, Soyang River. The increasing trend of chlorophyll was clear at the rate of 0.4 ㎍/ℓ/yr. The advent and expansion of Anabaena bloom was the major cause of chlorophyll increase and transparency reduction. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit also increased from 0.032㎎O₂/㎠/day in 1986 to 0.066 in 1988. The trophic state of Lake Soyang can be assessed as oligotrophy before 1983, mesotrophy from 1984 to 1988, and eutrophy since 1989. Phosphorus loading from floating net fishfarms was estimated to be larger than 45% of total. The phosphorus loading from only watershed is smaller than the dangerous critical loading, but, if the fishfarms loading added, it exceeds the critical loading.
김범철,조규송 ( Bom Chul Kim,Kyu Song Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3
The seasonal and vertical dissolved oxygen distributions were surveyed from July 1985 to July 1989 in a warm monomictic dendritic-shape reservoir, Lake Soyang. DO content showed the general trend of decrease from year to year, implying the advance of eutrophication. Hypolimnetic anoxic zone began to develop in 1988 reaching upto 15 m from the bottom, which is an epoch-making event in Lake Soyang, well-known as a clear oligotrophic lake until early 1980s. In anoxic zone phosphate and ammonia concentration were very high, and nitrate depleted, which is expected to accelerate eutrophication of Lake Soyang. Insufficient cooling of surface waters in warm winters of 1986 to 1988 seems to have enhanced the DO decrease by reducing the duration of turnover. Metalimnetic DO minimum layer appearing every late summer at the depth 15∼20 m is a remarkable feature of DO distribution which is thought to be the typical pattern in large Korean reservoirs. The mechanism of the formation of metalimnetic oxygen minimum is further to be studied. However, it seems to be caused by the higher rate of oxygen consumption in epilimnion due to high temperature and the oxygen supply limited to only surface mixed layer, since it is formed just below the mixed layer and dissolved oxygen increase gradually in deeper layer. The intermediate current of storm runoff laden with organic debris of terrestrial origin might be the alternative cause.
소양호에서의 Alkaline phosphatase 활성도의 Kinetics
안태석,김범철,조규송 ( Tae Seok Ahn,Bom Chul Kim,Kyu Song Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3
The kinetics of alkaline phosphatase activity were studied at the surface of a warm monomictic large reservoir, Lake Soyang, every two months from February 1988 to June 1989. Three sampling stations were located at the dam site, near a large netcage-type fishfarm, and a tributary stream inlet region where the dinoflagellate blooming occurs in warm seasons. Vmax of alkaline phosphatase, showing the range of 0.02∼5.95 μM/1/hr, was high during the spring bloom, April and June, and low during the turnover time, October, December, and February. Kt+Sn, showing the range of 0.06 ∼31.0 μM/1, was high during the turnover time, which seems to be caused by the nutrients supply from the hypolimnion. Kt+Sn was much higher during turnover time at the fishfarm station than other stations, which is obviously resulting from the large amount of fecal deposition at the bottom and the diffusion of organic phosphorus upto the surface. It seems that at high density phytoplankton itself can be the substrate for alkaline phosphatase, since the peak time of Kt+Sn coincided with the peak of chlorophyll a concentration in the shallow stream inlet station where dinoflagellates aggregate.