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딸기의 세대진전이 자식약세 및 종자의 발아에 미치는 영향
노일래(IL Rae Rho),조용섭(Yong Seop Cho),정재완(Jae Wan Cheong),정호정(Ho Jeong Jeong) 한국원예학회 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.2
딸기의 고정계통 육성시 문제가 되는 것은 자식을 반복함으로서 초세가 약해지고 결과적으로 초세가 너무 약해져 자식을 계속할 수 없다는 것이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 초세가 약한 개체는 도태시키고 강한 개체를 선발하여 세대별 발아율 및 자식약세 정도를 조사한 결과 ‘Akihime’ 유래계통의 F₂에서 발아율은 36.3%이고 F₃, F₄, F₅에서 각각 13.5, 55.9, 65.8%로 세대가 진전됨에 따라 발아율이 높아졌으며, ‘Johong’ 및 ‘Sachinoka’ 유래계통에서도 같은 경향이었다. 그러나 같은 품종내에서도 계통간 발아율의 차이가 심하였다. 자식에 따른 자식약세 정도는 ‘Akihime’ 유래 계통 F₂에서는 25.0%, F₃에서 48.5%, F₄에서 21.1%, F5에서 14.4%이고, ‘Johong’ 유래 계통에서는 각각 25%, 12.5%, 6.2%, 5.3%, ‘Sachinoka’ 유래 계통에서는 각각 33%, 74.8% 26.4%, 14.7%였다. 자식약세주와 정상주와의 발아율을 비교해본 결과 ‘Akihime’ 유래계통에서는 유의한 차이가 없었지만 ‘Johong’과 ‘Sachinoka’ 유래계통에서는 자식약제주의 발아율이 현저히 떨어 졌다. 자식약세가 일어난 계통에서는 다음세대에서 자식약세의 정도는 다르지만 대부분 자식약세 현상이 발견되었다. 따라서 딸기 고정계통 육성의 가장 큰 문제점으로 지적되어온 자식약세 및 발아율은 초기 선발때 초세가 왕성한 계통 중심으로 선발하면 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있으리라 사료된다. A problem associated with inbred line breeding of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is that the plant's vigor becomes weak as to selfing repeats itself and as a consequence further, selfing can be impossible. To solve this problem, inbreeding depression and percent germination, categorized by generation to be selected individuals with non-inbreeding depression and to be eliminated individuals with inbreeding depression has been researched. As a result, F₂ lines which originated from ‘Akihime’ variety had 36.3% germination, and F₃, F₄, and F₅ had 13.5, 55.9, and 65.8%, respectively. As generation progressed, the percent of germination increased. Also, it had same result by the lines originated from ‘Johong’ and ‘Sachinoka’ variety. However, there was a difference of lines on percent germination within the same variety. The investigation of inbreeding depression according to the selfing was; for F₂ generation originated from ‘Akhime’ variety was 25.0%, F₃ was 48.5%, F4 was 21.1%, and F₅ was 14.4%. That of originated from ‘Johong’ variety was 25, 12.5, 6.2, 5.3%, respectively. Also, for ‘Sachinoka’ variety was 33, 74.8, 26.4, 14.7%, respectively. When the percent germination of the inbreeding depression plant and non-inbreeding depression plant in lines originated from ‘Akihime’ variety were compared, there was not a difference. However in lines originated from ‘Johong’ and ‘Sachinoka’ variety, the percent germination of inbreeding depression plant was remarkably lower. In the next generation of lines occurred inbreeding depression, we also found the condition of inbreeding depression; although the degree of inbreeding depression varies. As follows, inbreeding depression and percent germination, which has been depicted as a problem on inbred line breeding of strawberry, can be solved by selecting vigorous and productive plant from the early selection.