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통계적 경향 분석을 통한 남강 본류의 수질 장기 변동 해석
정강영 ( Kangyoung Jung ),안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),양득석 ( Duk Seok Yang ),신동석 ( Dong Seok Shin ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-
본 연구는 남강 본류에서 2005년부터 2014년까지 남강댐 상류와 남강댐 하류에 있는 총 9개 수질관측지점의 BOD와 TP자료에 대해서 장기 경향 분석을 계절 맨-켄달 검정법과 LOWESS 분석법을 이용해서 실시했으며, 남강 본류 총 9개 지점의 BOD 자료에 대해서 계절 맨-켄달 검정법과 LOWESS 분석법으로 장기 경향 분석을 실시한 결과 9개 지점 중 남강B, 남강C, 남강1, 남강2 등 4개 지점은 경향성이 없는 것으로 나타났고, 남강A, 남강D, 남강3, 남강4, 남강E 등 5개 지점은 감소하는 추이를 나타냈다. 하지만 LOWESS 결과에서 남강A, 남강B, 남강C, 남강1, 남강2 지점은 2011년도와 2012년도 이후부터 다시 증가하고 있는 추이를 나타냈다. TP의 경우 계절 맨-켄달 검정 결과 남강A를 제외한 8개 지점 모두 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. LOWESS 결과에서는 남강A, 남강B, 남강C를 제외한 6개 지점이 명확한 감소 추이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비모수적통계분석 기법인 계절 맨-켄달 검정법 (Seasonal Mann-Kendall Test)과 LOWESS (Locally Weighted Scatter plot Smoother)경향분석을 함께 사용하여 남강에서 BOD와 TP 농도 추이를 분석해 본 결과 대부분 일정한 수질을 유지하거나 감소하는 추이를 나타내고 있으며, 결과적으로 남강 본류에서 BOD와 TP는 감소하거나 일정한 농도로 유지 및 관리되고 있는 것으로 사료된다. In this study, it was analyzed the trend through Seasonal Mann-Kendall Test and Locally Weighted Scatter Plot Smoother using the recently observed concentration of BOD and TP, which were monthly water quality data for total 9 water quality monitoring points from 2004 to 2015, for 12 years in the Nam River. As a result of analysis, BOD of Nam-A showed a tendency to decrease and BOD of Nam-B showed no trend, which were located upstream from the Namgang Dam. BOD of 5 points except for Nam-C and Nam-1 showed a tendency to decrease, which were located downstream from the Namgang Dam.
감천 유역의 TOC 농도 추정을 위한 회귀 모형 개발 및 평가
정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),김신 ( Shin Kim ),유재정 ( Jae Jeong Yu ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.6
In this study, it is an object to develop a regression model for the estimation of TOC (total organic carbon) concentration using investigated data for three years from 2010 to 2012 in the Gam Stream unit watershed, and applied in 2009 to verify the applicability of the regression model. TOC and CODMn (chemical oxygen demand) were appeared to be derived the highest correlation. TOC was significantly correlated with 5 variables including BOD (biological oxygen demand), discharge, SS (suspended solids), Chl-a (chlorophyll a) and TP (total phosphorus) of p<0.01. As a result of PCA (principal component analysis) and FA (factor analysis), COD, TOC, SS, discharge, BOD and TP have been classified as a first factor. TOCe concentration was estimated using the model developed as an independent variable BOD5 and CODMn. R squared value between TOC and measurement TOC is 0.745 and 0.822, respectively. The independent variable were added step by step while removing lower importance variable. Based on the developed optimal model, R squared value between measurement value and estimation value for TOC was 0.852. It was found that multiple independent variables might be a better the estimation of TOC concentration using the regression model equation(in a given sites).
남강 수질측정망 자료를 이용한 비모수적 장기 수질 추세 분석
정강영 ( Kang-young Jung ),김묘정 ( Myojeong Kim ),송광덕 ( Kwang Duck Song ),서권옥 ( Kwon Ok Seo ),홍성조 ( Seong Jo Hong ),조소현 ( Sohyun Cho ),이영재 ( Yeong Jae Lee ),김경현 ( Kyunghyun Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.11
In this study, seasonal Mann - Kendall test method was applied to 12 stations of the water quality measurement network of Nam-River based on data of BOD, COD, TN and TP for 11 years from January 2005 to December 2015 The changes of water quality at each station were examined through linear trends and the tendency of water quality change during the study period was analyzed by applying the locally weighted scatter plot smoother (LOWESS) method. In addition, spatial trends of the whole Nam-River were examined by items. The flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall test was performed to remove the flow at the water quality measurement station. As a result, BOD, COD concentration showed "no trand" and TN and TP concentration showed "down trand" in regional Kendall test throughout the study period. BOD and TP concentration in "no trand", COD, and TN concentration showed an "up trand" tendency in Nam-River dam. LOWESS analysis showed no significant water quality change in most of the analysis items and stations, but water quality fluctuation characteristics were shown at some stations such as NR1 (Kyungho-River 1), NR2 (Kyungho-River 2), NR3 (Nam-River), NR6 (Nam-River 2A). In addition, the flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall results showed that the BOD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at the NR3 (Nam-River) station. The COD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at NR1 (Kyungho-River 1) and NR2 (Kyungho-River 2) located upstream of the Nam-River. The effect of influent flow on water quality varies according to each site and analysis item. Therefore, for the effective water quality management in the Nam-River, it is necessary to take measures to improve the water quality at the point where the water quality is continuously "up trand" during the study period.
계절 맨-켄달 기법을 이용한 금호강 본류 BOD의 장기 경향 분석 및 탐색적 자료 분석
정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ),홍준영 ( Jun Young Hong ),안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.2
The government has conducted a plan of total maximum daily loads(TMDL), which divides with unit watershed, for management of stable water quality target by setting the permitted total amount of the pollutant. In this study, BOD concentration trends over the last 10 years from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed in the Geumho river. Improvement effect of water quality throughout the implementation period of TMDL was evaluated using the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and a LOWESS(locally weighted scatter plot smoother) smooth. As a study result of the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and the LOWESS smooth, BOD concentration in the Geumho river appeared to have been reduced or held at a constant. As a result of quantitatively analysis for BOD concentration with exploratory data analysis(EDA), the mean and the median of BOD concentration appeared in the order of GH8 〉GH7 〉GH6 〉GH5 〉GH4 〉GH3 〉GH2 〉GH1. The monthly average concentration of BOD appeared in the order of Apr 〉Mar 〉Feb 〉May 〉Jun 〉Jul 〉Jan 〉Aug 〉Sep 〉Dec 〉Nov 〉Oct. As a result of the outlier, its value was the most frequent in February, which is estimated 1.5 times more than July, and was smallest frequent in July. The outlier in terms of water quality management is necessary in order to establish a management plan for the contaminants in watershed.
김해시 물 순환 개선 도시계획에 의한 비점오염물질 저감효과 분석
정강영 ( Kang-young Jung ),김신 ( Shin-kim ),권헌각 ( Hun-gak Kwon ),양득석 ( Duk Seok Yang ),김교식 ( Kyosik Kim ),장광진 ( Kwang-jin Jang ),신동석 ( Dong-seok Shin ),안정민 ( Jung-min Ahn ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.11
This study was performed to analyze the effects of a water circulation green area plan on non-point source pollution in Gimhae South Korea. A quantitative analysis of Arc-GIS data was conducted by applying a watershed model based on Fortran to investigate the changes to direct runoff and pollution load. Results showed that prior to the implementation of the water circulation green area plan in Gimhae, direct runoff was 444.05 m<sup>3</sup>/year, total biological oxygen demand (BOD) pollution load was 21,696 kg/year, and total phosphorus (TP) pollution load was 1,743 kg/year. Implementation of the development plan was found to reduce direct runoff by 2.27%, BOD pollution load by 1.16% and TP pollution load by 0.19% annually. The reduction in direct runoff and non-point source pollution were attributed to improvements in the design of impermeable layers within the city.
부하지속곡선(LDC ; Load Duration Curve)을 활용한 낙동강수계 오염총량 단위유역 목표수질 평가방법 적용 방안
정강영 ( Kang-young Jung ),김홍태 ( Hong Tae Kim ),김상수 ( Sang Soo Kim ),김신 ( Shin Kim ),신동석 ( Dong Seok Shin ),김경훈 ( Gyeong Hoon Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.4
In recent years, the United States has used the Load Duration Curve (LDC) method to identify water pollution problems, considering the size of the pollutant load in the entire stream flow condition to effectively evaluate Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A study on the improvement of the target water quality evaluation method was carried out by comparing evaluations of two consecutive years of water quality and LDC data for 41 unit watersheds (14 main streams and 27 tributaries). As a result, the achievement rate of the target water quality evaluation method, according to current regulations, was 68-93%, and that by the LDC method was 82-93%. Evaluating the target water quality using the LDC method results in a reduction in the administrative burden and the total amount of planning as compared to the current method.
금호강 수계 지류하천의 수질 특성 평가 및 수질개선 등급화 방안
정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ),김교식 ( Kyosik Kim ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),양득석 ( Duk Seok Yang ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.6
In this study, we analyzed on-site monitoring data for 15 tributaries in Geumho watersheds for 3 years (2011-2013) in order to sort out priorities on water quality characteristics and improvement. As a result of estimating contribution to contamination of the tributary rivers, Dalseocheon showed the highest load densities, despite the smallest watershed area, with 22.7% BOD5, 30.7% CODMn, 31.3% TOC and 47.6% TP. After conducting PCA (principal component analysis) and FA (factor analysis) to analyze water quality characteristics of the tributary rivers, the first factor was classified as CODMn, TOC, EC, TP and BOD5, the second factor as pH, Chl-a and DO, the third factor as water temperature and TN, and the fourth factor as SS and surface flow. In addition, arithmetical sum of each factor’s scores based on grading criteria revealed that Dalseocheon and Namcheon were classified into Group A for their highest scores - 96 and 93, respectively -, and selected as rivers that require water environmental management measures the most. Also, water environmental contamination inspection showed that Palgeocheon had the most number of aquatic factors to be controlled: BOD5, CODMn, SS, TOC, T-P, Chl-a, etc.
남강 중권역의 효율적인 유역관리를 위한 중점관리 대상지류 선정
정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),김경훈 ( Gyeong Hoon Kim ),이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Im ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.4
The major 24 tributaries in Nam-River mid-watershed were monitored for discharge and water quality in order to understand the characteristics of the watershed and to select the tributary catchment for improving water quality. According to the analytical results of discharge and water quality monitoring data of 24 tributaries, the mean value of discharge below 0.1 m3/s was 62.5% among the monitored tributaries and it mostly exceeded the water quality standards of Nam-river mid-watershed (BOD5 = 3 mg/L, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over). According to the stream grouping method and the water quality delivery load density (kg/day/km2) based on the results of tributary discharge and water quality monitoring, the tributary watersheds for improving the water quality were selected. In the Nam-River mid-watershed, tributaries in the GaJwaCheon, HaChonCheon catchment (Group D, BOD5 = 3 mg/L over) and in the UirYeongCheon, SeokGyoCheon catchment (Group A, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over), which have a small flow (and/or large flow) and a high concentrations of water pollutants. The various water quality improving scheme for tributaries, in accordance with the reduction of potential point source pollution by living sewage and livestock wastewater, should be established and implemented.
정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Im ),김경훈 ( Gyeong Hoon Kim ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.6
Duration curves describe the percentage of time that a certain water quality (total/fecal coliform (=TC/FC)) or discharge is exceeded. The curves methodology are usually based on daily records and are useful in estimating how many days per year and event will be exceeded. The technique was further applied to estimated TC/FC loading to the Geumho River, using the daily mean flow rate and TC/FC concentration data during January, 2001 and December, 2011 for the Geumhogang6 (=Seongseo water level station) where an automated monitoring station is located in Gangchang-bridge. Low flow of the Seongseo (=11.1 cms) was equivalent to 75.3% on an exceedance probability scale. Load Duration curve for TC/FC loading at the Seongseo was constructed. Standard load duration curve was constructed with the water quality criteria for class III (TC/FC concentration=5000/1000 CFU/ 100 mL). By plotting TC/FC observed load duration curve with standard load duration curve, it could be revealed that water quality do not meet the desired water quality for 68.8/11.2% on an exceedance probability scale. IF linear correlation between flow rate and coliform concentration is assumed, it can be interpreted that water quality exceed desired criteria when daily average flow rate is over 11.9/109.9 cms.