Hobo transposon(Tn)에 의한 염색체 재배열

임낙룡,권국일 한국유전학회 1994 Genes & Genomics Vol.16 No.2

The trainsposable hobo element plays the role as a causative agent to produce chromosome rearrangements in the Uc-1X chromosome. In the present study, the Notch mutation rate in an inbred Uc-1 strain ranged between a low value of 3.52±0.74 percent to a high one of 6.25±1.13 percent. Cytological analysis revealed 82 deficiencies and three different inversions, associated with the Notch mutations. And in situ hybridization showed that the hobo elements were participated in all of the chromosome mutations which had labels with the hobo probe at each of the breakpoints. This result suggested that hobo existing in the Notch locus interacts with the other hobo elements on the same chromosome to produce the structural rearrangements.

Drosophila melanogaster 자연집단에서의 역위 다형현상의 행동

임낙룡 한국유전학회 1985 Genes & Genomics Vol.7 No.1

Chromosome studies from a Korean wild population of Drosophila melanogaster collected five times with one month intervals from mid-August to mid-December showed seventeen inversions among a total of 1056 males tested. All of these were paracentric and on major two autosomes only, and none on X- and. fourth chromosomes. Among all inversions found, six were common cosmopolitan inversions, and the other eleven were new, rare and endemic inversions. The frequency of wild males carrying one or more cosmopolitan inversions and the mean number of cosmopolitan inversion per individual was 0.540 and 0.743, respectively. Although linkage disequilibrium appeared significantly within the third chromosome when all of the third chromosomal combinations were pooled, the data indicated a random distribution of inversions on the whole.

톡톡이(Tomocerus kinoshitai)의 정자형성 과정의 염색체 주기

임낙룡 한국유전학회 1981 Genes & Genomics Vol.3 No.2

Cytological investigations were performed to clarify the karyotype of soma cells and behavior of spermatogonial chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of Tomocerus kinoshitai, Collembola, belonging to Family Apterigota. During the winter the specimens used in this experimentation were kept at constant temperature (25 ± 1℃) and were tested from mid-November to next May. For cytological preparations routine aceto-orcein and feulgen methods were employed. Tomocerus kinoshitai has a hexaploid repreductive-line in the male gonads, and its karyotype for both males and females is composed of 12 chromosomes in each somatic cell, and its haploid 6.

초파리 지역집단간에서 치사인자의 동향

임낙룡,권국일 한국유전학회 1995 Genes & Genomics Vol.17 No.4

To analyse the relationship between distance and the allelism of lethal genes, wild males of Drosophila melanogaster were captured in four Korean natural populations, Suwon, Taejon, Chonju and Naju. Using a balanced stock, known as A₁B_(18) which is translocated with second and third chromosomes and can balance two major autosomes simultaneously, two major autosomes were extracted as a single unit. The average frequencies of flies carrying lethal genes were 0.8067. The allelic rate of lethals were 1.35% within population, and 0.56% between populations. The rate of elimination of lethals by homozygosis (1Q²) was an average of 0.0022 in four populations. Effective sizes of the population were ranged from 2,068 to 5,865. The regression analysis showed that the slope of the allelism of lethals decreased with distance far apart.

한국 초파리 집단에서의 유전성 변이

임낙룡,권국일,박승태 한국유전학회 1998 Genes & Genomics Vol.20 No.2

The genetic studies on lethal gene frequencies and inversion polymorphisms from Chonju natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were carried out. To analyse lethal gene frequencies and allelism of lethal genes in intra- and inter-population, a total of 410 males collected in Novembers of 1986 and 1987 were tested. The frequency of both second and third chromosomes, as a unit, carrying deleterious gene was 80.28%. The average frequency of allelic lethals was 0.0148 in within population and 0.0118 in between population. The rate of elimination of lethal genes by homozygosis (IQ²) was 0.0024. And the effective population size of the present population sampled was estimated to be about 3,000 pairs of flies. To test inversion polymorphism, a total of 832 males sampled in Octobers and Novembers of 1986 and 1987 were examined. Each wild caught male was crossed to three virgin females with standard chromosomal sequencies in all chromosome. A total of eight different inversions were found and identified to be autosomal paracentric types only. Seven of them were cosmopolitan inversions and the rest endemic one. The average frequency of flies carrying inversions was 0.352 and mean number of inversions per individual fly was 0.454. The frequency order observed was 2Lt > 3RP > 3LP > 3RC > 2RNS > 2LK > 3RMo (P=0.0013 with Friedman's rank test). Although a linkage disequilibrium was detected between left and right arm of third chromosome, the present Chonju populations was in good fitness to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

솔잎혹파리의 염색체주기 및 침샘염색체 연구

임낙룡 한국유전학회 1985 Genes & Genomics Vol.7 No.2

The cytological studies dealing with the karyotypes of the somatic cells and chromosome behavior in gametogenetic cell cycles in both male and female of Thecodiplosis japonensis, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were made. The karyotypes in somatic nuclei were consisted of 6 chromosomes in the male and 8 in the female. On the other hand, the haploid male was composed of 4 chromosomes which originated from the 40 chromosomes in the germ-line, while the female gamete contained 20 chromosomes, 4 S-chromosomes and 16 E-chromosomes. Therefore, the fertilization among such sperm and egg restores the full complement of 24 chromosomes. Upon sexual differentiation into either male or female from the zygotes, it is assumed that sex determination depends on E-gene(s) locating on one of the two kinds of X-chromosome pairs (White, 1950, 1977). The salivary gland nuclei have four polytene chromosomes. Of these, one carries only one nucleolar organizer. However there was no chromocenter for four polytene chromosomes. From an anterior part of the salivary gland cells of larvae parasitized by Hymenoptera, polytene polyploids were found.

초파리 citrate synthase cDNA 의 클로닝과 염기서열 결정

임낙룡,박은규 한국유전학회 1991 Genes & Genomics Vol.13 No.4

To analyse the relationship between time and the allelism of lethal genes (second and third chromosomes together as a unit), wild males of Drosophila melanogaster were captured at different times in a given point of a Korean locality and separated into two experimental groups with month-interval and year-interval in time. Each of the two groups contained five of time series populations. The average frequencies of flies carrying lethal genes were 0.8407 in the month-interval populations and 0.8202 in the year-interval populations. The rates of allelism of lethals were 0.0475 in the month-intervals and 0.0184 in the year-intervals. In both cases, it showed that the slope of the allelism of lethals decreased exponentially with time interval far apart. The average of effective sizes in the present D. melanogaster population were estimated to approximately be 1,000 in the month-intervals and 1.500 in the year-intervals.

제 6 차 교육과정에 의한 고등학교 생물 2 교과서의 동물분류단원에 대한 분석

임낙룡,박경화 韓國生物敎育學會 1999 생물교육 Vol.27 No.2

This study analized the contents of animal systematics in Biology II textbooks of Korean high school made by the sixth curriculum and compared with the textbooks of previous curriculums. The purpose of this study is to help both teachers and students in learning or teaching, in addition to make an offer informations for the contents of animal systematics when the new version in written. This study referred to total eight textbooks developed in the sixth curriculum, analyzed the criteria of animal classification and compared among phyla and classes which commonly dealt at the textbooks. The following results were obtained. 1. Unlike the fifth curriculum, 'Science I' became 'Integrated Science', 'Biology' was divided into two volumes, Biology I' and 'Biology II'. The systematics was dealt in the chapter of $quot;the diversity of living organisms$quot; of 'Biology II'. 2. According to the investigation and analysis about animal systematics, the criteria of animal classification which are presented in all textbooks were the kinds and number of the germ layers, relationship between blastopore and mouth, the kinds of coelom, whether there is coelom or not. 3. In the chapter of $quot;the diversity of living organism$quot; the system of systematics was expressed by a three-kingdom classification of protozoa, plants and animals. 4. The phyla of animal kingdom dealt within all textbooks were eight, seven of them treated the categories of class. 5. It is suggested that taxonomical hierachy should be described more clearly to avoid the confusion of the taxonomic concept and terms when the new version in written.

노랑초파리에서 전이인자 hobo의 행동

임낙룡,남궁용 全北大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1999 과학과 과학교육 논문지 Vol.24 No.-

A few crosses, inbreeding and hybrid crosses, with Uc-1 strain carried out to learn about the mechamism of hobo activity. A transposable element hobo for the Notch locus of the Uc-1 X chromosome, which does not interfere with the normal expression of the locus, interacts with other hobo elements in the same X chromosome to procuce Notch mutations. The phenotype of Notch wing mutation has been produced by deletion of 3C region in X chromosome of D. melanogaster. The Uc-1 X chromosome produces the Notch mutation at rate of 1.09%∼5.09% in inbred crosses for 29 generations. The mutation rate showed a subtle trend to fluctuate at ±2.69%. It seems that hobo transposable elements have activity in Uc-1 inbred strain. On the other hand, inter-crosses between Uc-1 strain and non Uc-1 strains had done to find whether the cytotype of maternal lines and genome of paternal lines effect on the hobo activity. The result in F_1 hybrid between crosses of Uc-1 strain and E(empty)strains showed obvious reciprocal cross effect. E strains do not have any hobo element. Notch mutaion rates was appeared over 5% in F_1 hybrid from crosses which Uc-1 males mated with E strain female(Cross A), but was under 1% in hybrid F_1 of their reciprocal crosses(Cross B). This result means that there was maternal effect in the mechanism of hobo activity. Notch mutation rates which was found in F_1 hybrid with CH(Complete hobo) strain was similar to the rates obtained from crosses with E strains. CH strain contains only complete hobo elements. There was no any clue that complete hobo elements contained genome effect on the hobo activity. The comparable result was obtained from the analysis of crosses that Uc-1 strain mated with CDH(Complete and defective hobo)strain which contains complete and delete hobo element. Notch mutants hardly appeared in Cross A with CDH but Cross B produced Notch mutant rates at the level of the rates in crosses which was done with other strains. The result suggest that delete hobo elements possibly act a role of hobo represser.

전주 초파리 집단내 유전성 변이에 관한 연구

임낙룡,권국일 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1997 敎育論叢 Vol.17 No.-

The genetic studies on lethal gene frequencies and inversion polymorphisms from Chonju natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were carried out. To analyse lethal gene frequencies and allelism of lethal genes in intra- and inter-population, two populations collected in November of 1986 and 1987 were tested. The frequency of genome carrying deleterious gene was 80.28%. The average frequency of allelic lethals was 0.0148 in within population and 0.0118 in between population. The rate of elimination of lethal genes by homozygosis(IQ^2) was 0.0024. And the effective population size of the present population sampled was estimated to be about 3,000 pairs of flies. To test inversion polymorphism, 832 males sampled in October and November of 1986 and 1987 were examined. Every wild caught male was crossed to three virgin females with standard chromosomal sequencies in all chromosome. A total of eight different inversions were found and identified to be autosomal paracentric types only. Seven of them were cosmopolitan inversions and the rest endemic one. The average frequency of flies carryoing inversions was 0.352 and mean number of inversions per individual fly was 0.454. The frequency order observed was 2Lt > 3RP > 3LP > 3RC > 2RNS > 2LK > 3RMo(P=0.0013 with Friedman's rank test). Although the linkage disequlibrium was detected between left and right arm of third chromosome, the present Chonju populations was in good fitted to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.