사방댐 리모델링 기술의 현장 적용성 평가 연구

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ),권태호 ( Tae Ho Kwon ),오세욱 ( Se Wook Oh ),한명구 ( Myung Gu Han ),이광선 ( Kwang Sun Lee ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구에서는 시설물 외관상태평가 기법과 비파괴 시험을 이용하여 리모델링 대상의 구조적 안정성을 검토하고, STmate로 산출한 재시공 비용을 리모델링 비용과 비교하여, 사방댐 리모델링기술의 현장 적용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 평가는 포항시 북구 장기면 산서리, 임중리에 위치한 콘크리트 사방댐 2개소를 대상으로 이뤄졌다. 산서리 사방댐의 외관상태평가등급은 d등급으로 보수/보강이 시급하였고, 부재 표면의 압축강도는 18.1MPa로 평가기준의 73.3% 수준이었다. 리모델링 비용은 총 109,580천원으로 재시공 비용의 84.7% 수준이었고, 19,448천원이 절감되었다. 임중리 사방댐의 외관상태평가등급은 c등급으로 비교적 양호하였고, 부재 표면의 압축강도는 22.6MPa로 평가기준의 91.5% 수준이었다. 리모델링 비용은 총 39,974천원으로 재시공 비용의 42.9% 수준이었으며, 53,128천원의 절감되었다. 사방댐 리모델링 기술의 현장 적용성 평가결과, 두 개의 사방댐 모두 리모델링이 가능한 구조적 상태와 사업성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판정되었다. In this study, using the facility exterior condition assessment and the non-destructive test, We intended to evaluate the field applicability of the debris barrier remodeling technology by reviewing the remodeling buildings in structural stability and by comparing the reconstruction cost(Calculated with the STmate) with the remodeling cost. The evaluation was done with the subject taken from two locations: the concrete debris barriers in Pohang-city Buk-gu Changgi-myun Sanseo-ri, and those in Imjung-ri. The condition assessment grade of the debris barrier in Sanseo-ri was D, which requires the urgent repair reinforcement, with its concrete compressive strength average 18.1MPa, showing 73.3% by the evaluation standard. In the cost analysis, the remodeling cost was 84.7% of the reconstruction cost, with \19,448 reduction. The condition assessment grade of the debris barrier in Imjung-ri was C, which was relatively good; the concrete compressive strength was average 22.6MPa, 91.5% level in the evaluation standard. As a result of the cost analysis, the cost input into the remodeling was 42.9% of the reconstruction cost, with \53,128 reduction. As a result of the field applicability evaluation, both the two debris barriers were in the state good for remodeling in structure, showing the good feasibility.

외관상태평가를 이용한 콘크리트 사방댐의 노후특성 분석

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ),박기영 ( Ki Young Park ),( Ewane Basil Ewane ),권태호 ( Tae Ho Kwon ),오세욱 ( Se Wook Oh ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 시설물 안전진단 기법인 외관상태평가를 이용하여 콘크리트 사방댐의 노후특성을 객관적이고 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 평가는 1986년과 1993년에 준공한 콘크리트 사방댐 2개소를 대상으로 실시하였다. 1986년에 준공한 콘크리트 사방댐에서 월류부의 상태평가지수는 3.3으로 비월류부의 4.3보다 낮았고, 반수면의 상태평가지수는 2.6으로 댐마루의 3.6보다 낮았다. 그리고 사방댐의 종합 상태평가지수는 3.3으로 c등급을 나타내었다. 1993년에 준공한 콘크리트 사방댐은 월류부의 상태평가지수가 2.4로 비월류부의 3.7보다 낮았으며, 반수면의 상태평가지수는 2.2로 댐마루의 3.3보다 낮았다. 그리고 종합 상태평가지수는 2.5로 긴급한 보수, 보강이 요구되는 d등급을 나타내었다. 콘크리트사방댐의 노후상태는 사용기간이 늘어날수록 심화되지만, 시공품질과 사용환경에 따라 열화속도에 차이를 보이며, 특히 수분과의 접촉이 잦은 부재일수록 노후하기 쉬운 것으로 판단된다. This study aim to objectively and quantitatively assess the features of concrete debris barriers using the exterior condition assessment, in order to examine the safety of the facility. The assessment was conducted on two different concrete debris barriers constructed in 1986 and 1993. The weir of the debris barrier built in 1986 was observed to have a condition assessment index of 3.3, which was lower than the 4.3 measured in the non-weir section, and the downstream face of the dam had a condition assessment index of 2.6, which was lower than the 3.6 of the dam crest section. Our comprehensive assessment determined the dam built in 1986 of fall in grade C, considering an observed condition assessment index of 3.3. The weir of the debris barrier built in 1993 was detected to have a condition assessment index of 2.4, which was lower than the 3.7 measured in the non-weir section, and the downstream face had a condition assessment index of 2.2, which was lower than the 3.3 measured in the dam crest section. Based on our comprehensive analysis, we concluded that the debris barrier built in 1993 needs urgent repair and reinforcement work, considering its condition assessment index of 2.4, Which falls in grade D. The suggests that concrete debris barriers would deteriorate faster because they are used even more and longer but the deterioration can be delayed or accelerated depending on their construction quality and where they are used. Particularly, our observations strongly hold that concrete debris barriers, which would be frequently in contact with moisture, can deteriorate more easily if they were made from poor quality materials.

지피상태에 (地被狀態) 따른 임지의 (林地) 수저유 (水貯留) 특성

이헌호(Heon Ho Lee),이창우(Chang Woo Lee) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the water storage charateristics of surface soil by different forest floor conditions and to measure water storage capacity of forest Land at the Yeungnam University forest in Yongjang-ri, Nenam-myoen, Kyongju-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do. The study was conducted for 4 months, from June to September, 1993. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Infiltration capacity of surface soil for each. forest floor condition was in the order : Oak forest$gt;Oak forest removed Ao layer$gt;Pine forest removed Ao layer$gt;Pine forest$gt;Bare land$gt;Grasses. 2. The absolute values of infiltration capacity were increased as the rain intensity increased, while the order of infiltration capacity for each floor condition was not changed. 3. Infiltration capacity was highly correlated with surface soil hardness and todal pores. 4. Infiltration formula based on the Horton`s could be estimated at each forest floor condition. 5. The model for water storage capacity of forest land expressed by infiltration capacity was estimated using total pores and soil hardness. This study indicates water storage capacity of different forest floor conditions depends on infiltration capacity. Using these formula, it was possible to calculate and estimate water storage capacity of forest land. Therefore, the result of this study will be helpful to increase water storage capacity of forest land and to manage water resources effectively.

지피상태에 (地被狀態) 따른 임지의 (林地) 수저유 (水貯留) 특성 (Ⅱ)

이헌호(Heon Ho Lee),이창우(Chang Woo Lee) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.4

This study was carried out to get the basic data for obtaining water resources continuously. Water storage of forest land was estimated by effective water storage based on classifying soil pore. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Percentage of coarse pores were in the order : Forest$gt;Bare land$gt;Grasses. As soil depth increased, total pores, coarse pores, and maximum water content were decreased, while fine pores increased. 2. Soil pore percentage and physical properties of surface layer (0∼20㎝) were significantly different among forest floor conditions. However, there were no difference in soil pore percentage and physical properties in 20∼40㎝ and 40∼60㎝ according to forest floor conditions. In the same plot, on the other hand, soil pore percentage and physical properties were significantly different between surface layer(0∼20㎝) and 20∼40㎝, but there were no differences between 20∼40㎝ and 40∼60㎝. 3. Effective water storage was highly correlated with coarse pore in all plots. 4. The model for water storage capacity of each forest floor condition expressed by effective water storage was produced using coarse pores and soil depth.

인공산성비 살포에 의한 산림토양의 토심별 산도 및 전기전도도의 변화

이헌호(Heon Ho Lee),김재기(Jae Gi Kim) 한국산림과학회 2000 한국산림과학회지 Vol.89 No.1

This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of pH and electrical conductivity(EC) at each stand and soil depth by the artificial acid rain sprinkling in the upper watershed of Mt. Palgong and furthermore to clarify the relationships between forest soil and water purification function. The results obtained in the experimental sites of Quercus acutissima and Larix leptolepis were summarized as follows ; 1. The average soil pH at each soil layer(0∼5㎝, 0∼10㎝, 0∼20㎝ in depth) were 4.8, 4.3 and 4.5 for the Quercus acutissima soil and 5.15, 5.19 and 5.21 for the Larix leptolepis soil. The soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. In addition, the deeper soil depth was, the higher soil pH was. 2. The soil solution pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. It was due to the high soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand itself and the difference of humus layer thickness. 3. It took time to show the pH buffer capacity of forest soil after application of artificial acid rain in the forest soil. The pH value of soil solution in each experimental site was maximum at this time and then did not increase pH value any more. 4. Soil solution EC increased slowly with pH 3.0 treatment, but it decreased slowly with pH 5.0 treatment over time. It was assumed that the amount of the leached cation and the ions leading buffer action changed at the stands with ranges of acidity treatment. 5. From the trend of soil solution EC at each soil depth, it seemed that the water buffer capacity of the forest soil increased as the soil depth increased.

산지 물순환 소과정에 있어서 수질변화의 추적분석에 의한 산림의 환경적 정화기능의 계량화 연구

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the capacity of environment purification of forest and to reveal formation processes of stream water quality by evaluating water quality variations in forest hydrological processes. Water quantity, pH, electric conductivity(EC), dissolved oxygen(DO), and dissolved matter concentrations were monitored in open rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, litter flow and short-term stream flow for one unit storm, and also for those were monitored in long-term stream flow in Palgong, Yongsung, and Daedong catchments. The results were summarized as follows; 1. pH and DO values of stream flow were increased as the flux increased but EC values were decreased. 2. pH values of stemflow and throughfall were decreased with the lapse of rainfall time with lower values than open rainfall. Arid EC values were higher in initial rainfall period but lower gradually with the lapse of time than open rainfall. In litter flow, pH values were lower than open rainfall but EC values were higher. In stream flow, pH values of stream flow showed a high level in initial rainfall period and decreased remarkably with the lapse of time, but it recovered after the rainfall stopped. And however, the values of EC showed almost reverse tendency, DO values of litter flow and stream flow were decreased gradually with the lapse of time in litter flow and stream flow but there were no any tendency in open rainfall, stemflow and throughfall. 3. pH values of stemflow and throughfall in Quercus acutissima were higher than in Pinus densiflora, but EC values were lower. Total amount of canons in stemflow was higher in Pinus densiflora than in Quercus acutissima. 4. pH, DO, EC and total amount of canon values in hydrological processes were in the order of;litter flow$lt;net rainfall(stemflow+throughfall)$lt;total rainfall$lt;stream flow, litter flow$lt;net rainfall$lt;total rainfall $lt; stream flow, total rainfall $lt; stream flow $lt; net rainfall $lt; litter flow, and total rainfall $lt; net rainfall$lt;litter flow$lt;stream flow, respectively. 5. Water quality of stream flow was better in Palgong catchment than in Yongsung because of low EC values. And each of pH, DO, EC and total amount of canon values in long-term stream flow showed characteristic changes by month.

소나무와 상수리나무림의 임내우 물수지 특성

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ),박재철 ( Jae Chul Park ) 한국환경생태학회 1999 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.12 No.3

삼림이수기능의 (森林理水機能) 정량적 평가방법에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ) - 조도계수의 (粗度係數) 응용을 중심으로 -

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1992 한국산림과학회지 Vol.81 No.4

In this research, a kinematic wave model was applied for the runoff analysis, Regulation of streamflow was estimated by the calibration of roughness coefficient as a parameter. The data analyzed were obtained from Ananomiya and Shirasaka experimental basins at Tokyo University Forest in Aichi. Estimation methods and characteristics of roughness coefficient as a evaluation method of hydrological function of forest are summarized as follows : 1. Roughness coefficient(N_s) indicates the resistance of hillslope to the flowing water of surface runoff. There exists an hypothesis that resistance of hillslope to flowing water increase with the growth forest and development of the A_o layer. 2. Roughness coefficient N_s was estimated by the parameter when the stream direct runoff was calculated by using the kinematic wave. 3. Secular change of `N_s` in ananomiya has a curve which has an upper limit and increases exponentially near the limit. The curve quickly increased from 1935 to 1945 when results of afforestation for erosion control were thought to be effective. On the other hand, slight increase of `N_s` in Shirasaka indicates that there was not such a big change in the surface of soil layer. 4. The increase of `N_s` was related with decrease of direct runoff and increase of base flow. It was recognized that the rate of direct runoff decreased with the improvement of forest physiognomy and the rate of base flow was increased. But absolute value of water runoff per one storm decreased in chronological order.

PDA기반의 산림자원조사용 소프트웨어 개발에 관한 연구

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ),이도형 ( Do Hyung Lee ),석수일 ( Soo Il Suk ) 한국산림과학회 2006 한국산림과학회지 Vol.95 No.6

재배종 및 야생 산딸기의 기능성 성분 함량과 항산화 활성

이헌호(Heon Ho Lee),문용선(Yong Sun Moon),윤해근(Hae Keun Yun),박필재(Pil Jae Park),곽은정(Eun Jung Kwak) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.1

유용성분 함량이 많고 생리기능성이 우수한 산딸기 품종의 육성을 위해 국내 농가에서 재배되고 있는 7종의 산딸기와 야생에서 자생하는 2종의 산딸기를 복분자 연구소에서 재배한 후 이들을 대상으로 과실의 품질특성, 유용성분의 함량, 항산화능을 측정하였다. 충남 아산의 야생 산딸기가 크기는 작았지만 당도는 16.20%로 시료 산딸기 중 가장 높고 산도는 가장 낮았다. 경북 울릉도의 야생 산딸기는 작은 크기에 당도 및 산도가 매우 낮아 과실로서의 이용가치는 매우 낮았으나, 총 페놀성 화합물과 ellagic acid 함량은 각각 182.97, 55.25mg・100g-1 FW로 시료 중 가장 높았다. 경남 김해에서 재배되는 산딸기 중 ‘왕딸’은 크기가 크고 당도는 12.80%로 다소 낮은 반면, 품종이 불명확한 다른 산딸기는 야생 산딸기 정도로 크기는 작지만 당도는 14.4%로 ‘왕딸’보다 높았다. 김해 지역에서 재배되는 ‘왕딸’과 품종이 불명확한 산딸기의 총 페놀성 화합물(159.62, 165.94mg・100g^-1FW) 및 ellagic acid(45.7, 52.1mg・100g^-1 FW) 함량은 울릉도 야생 산딸기보다 낮았으나, 총 플라보노이드 화합물(14.28,14.90mg・100g-1 FW)과 총 안토시아닌(28.69, 30.48mg・100g^-1FW) 함량은 이보다 높았다. 경북 울릉도 야생 산딸기, 김해 지역의 왕딸’ 및 품종이 불명확한 산딸기는 FRAP법에 의한 항산화능과 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능도 다른 품종의 산딸기보다 현저하게 높아 육종 소재 및 기능성 성분 소재로서의 이용 가치가 높은 것으로 사료된다. In order to select the raspberry cultivars that have high contents of bioactive constituents and high antioxidant activities, 7 cultivated and 2 wild raspberries which were selected and cultivated in the Bokbunja Institute were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, bioactive constituents, and antioxidant activities. The wild raspberry of Asan was the smallest among the sample raspberries but it had the highest sugar and lowest acid contents among the raspberries. Another wild raspberry of Ulleungdo had the highest total phenolic compound and ellagic acid contents, 182.97, 55.25 mg・100 g^-1 FW, respectively, although it was small and had low sugar and high acid contents. Among the widely cultivated raspberry cultivars in Kimhae, ‘Wangttal’ cultivar was a big raspberry with 12.80% sugar content, and another unknown raspberry cultivar was as small as the wild raspberry with 14.60% sugar content. Although ‘Wangttal’ and the unknown raspberry cultivars cultivated in Kimhae possess lower contents of total phenolic compound (159.62, 165.94 mg・100 g^-1) and ellagic acid (45.7, 52.1 mg・100 g^-1) than the wild raspberry of Ulleungdo, the contents of total flavonoids (14.28, 14.90 mg・100 g^-1 ) and total anthocyanins (28.69, 30.48 mg・100 g^-1) were higher. Also the wild raspberry of Ulleungdo, ‘Wangttal’, and the unknown raspberry cultivar of Kimhae had higher antioxidant activities measured by FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2"-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assays. The present study shows that three raspberry cultivars could be potent resources for raspberry breeding and functional material development.