여러 가지 조사료를 급여한 재래산양의 채식습성에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 2007년 3월부터 10월까지 충남대학교 부속사육장 및 전북 남원시 운봉읍 소재가축유전자원시험장에서 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과목초 (grasses)는 Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba 및 mixed grasses의 5종과, 두과목초 (legumes)는 Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis 및 Vicia villosa의 5종, 수엽 (樹葉, browse)으로 Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia 및 Pinus densiflora의 5종과 잡초 (weeds)는 Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight 및 Rumex crispus의 5종을, 야초 (native grasses)는 Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (HACK) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss 및 Phragmites comunis Trin의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 시험축은 재래산양 (♂) 10두를 공시하였으며, 평균체중은 30.6 ㎏이었다. 시료는 초종 당 건물기준으로 0.5 ㎏씩 급여하였고 오전 8시부터 오후 8시까지 전북 남원시 운봉읍 소재 가축유전자원시험장 축사내에서 수행하였으며 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 공시시료의 조사료원별로 분석한 화학적 성분과 건물소화율은 대체적으로 채취장소, 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 차이를 보였다. 채식량, 채식비율 및 채식순위는 초종 및 수종에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 대체적으로 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮은 반면에 건물소화율이 높은 조사료를 더 즐겨 채식하는 양상이었다. 재래산양은 Quercus serrata Thunb. (졸참나무 잎, 500 g)을 가장 즐겨 채식하였으며, 다음은 Quercus aliena Blume (갈참나무 잎, 441 g), Trifolium repens (white clover, 433g), Pinus densiflora (소나무 잎, 417 g) 순이었으며 다른 가축이 즐겨 먹지 않는 Pinus densiflora나 Artemisia princeps Pampanini (쑥)도 즐겨 채식하였다. 재래산양의 조사료원별 채식분포를 보면 수엽 29.9%, 두과목초 23%, 잡초 21.6%, 화본과목초 21.5% 및 야초 4.0%를 채식하였던 것으로 보아 채식습성은 수엽채식형 (browser type)에 더 가까운 것으로 판단된다. The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The feeding trials were conducted at Chungnam National University and Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2007. The experimental roughages sources were five including 25 species in all; grass sources: 5 species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass, legume sources: 5 species (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources: 5 species (Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources: 5 species (Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources: 5 species (Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 30.6 ㎏, ♂) as experimental animals. Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5 ㎏ per 1 species fed to Korean native goats, and the experiment was carried out from 08:00 to 20:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goats was observed like this: Quercus serrata Thunb., Quercus aliena Blume, Trifolium repens, and Pinus densiflora and Artemisia princeps Pampanini which was lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse (29.9%), legumes (23.0%), weeds (21.6%), grasses (21.5%) and native grasses(4.0%), respectively. Based on the result, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to browser type.

야생화초지의 조성에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 야생화초지 조성을 위한 기초연구로 국내산 야생화초지와 외국산 야생화초지의 2처리를 두어 시험하였다. 공시초종은 기본초종으로 잔디형 목초로 Kentucky bluegrass(Midnight)를 공시하였고, 국내산 야생화는 패랭이꽃 (Dianthus sinensis L.), 벌노랑이 (Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus Regel), 꼬리풀(Veronica linariaefolia Pallas), 벌개미취 (Aster koraiensis Nakai), 부처꽃 (Lythrum anceps Makino), 톱풀 (Achillea sibirica Ledeb), 붓꽃 (Iris nertschinskia Lodd) 및 원추 천인국(Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.) 등 8종을 공시하였고, 외국산 야생화는 서양말냉이 (Iberis umbellata), 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt), 물망초(Myosotis sylvatica Hoffmann), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii), 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis), 아프리칸 데이지 (Dimorphotheca aurantiaca), 왜성수레국화(Centaurea cyanus), Dwarf godetia (Clarkia amoena), 왜성 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria, dwarf), 왜성 적 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria, red), Spurred snapdragon (Linaria maroccana), 끈끈이대나물(Silene ameria), 러시안 꽃 무우 (Cheiranthus allionii), 캘리포니아 양귀비(Eschscholzia californica Cham), 아이스랜드 양귀비 (Papaver nudicaule), 왜성 제비꽃(Viola cornuta), Bellflower (Campanula carpatica), Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima), 흰 점나도나물 (Cerastium biebersteinii), 큰 달맞이꽃 (Oenothera lamarckiana Ser.), 큰 금계국(Coreopsis lanceolata L.), 각시 패랭이 (Dianthus deltoids L.), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) 및 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis) 등 24종을 공시하였다. 시험은 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2006년 9월부터 2007년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 야생화초지의 꽃 색깔은 외국산 야생화초지가 국내산 야생화초지보다 다양하였으나 개화가 봄철에 편중되는 등 계절분포 및 영속성이 문제시되었다. 국내산 야생화초지는 꽃 색깔은 다양하지 못하였으나 계절분포 및 영속성이 상대적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다년간 식생을 유지하기 위한 야생화 초지의 조성은 기본초종인 잔디형 목초는 물론이고 야생화초종을 지역별로 초기생육 및 개화특성 등을 검토하여 초종을 다양화하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다. 더욱이 야생화초지를 추파하여 조성할 경우, 외국산 야생화초지는 월동전에는 다양한 식생을 유지하였으나 월동 후에는 내한성의 문제로 식생이 단순화되는 양상을 보였다. 국내산 야생화초지는 내한성에는 문제가 없었으나 식생이 다양화하지 못하였다. 따라서 야생화초지를 다년간 유지할 목적이라면 다년생의 야생화를 중심으로 하되 여기에 단년생을 혼합하여 야생화 초종을 다양화 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to suggest the basic data for establishment of wildflower pastures. The experimental design includes two treatments: Native wildflower pasture (NWP, Kentucky bluegrass + native wildflower 8 species) and Introduced wildflower pasture (IWP, Kentucky bluegrass + introduced wildflower 24 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pastures plots at Chungnam National University throughout from Sep. 2006 to Dec. 2007. The results obtained are as follows: In terms of the flower color in the wildflower pastures, the IWP was found more various than the NWP. But such problems as seasonal distribution and continuity were raised and moreover the time of flowering depended mainly upon the spring season. Even though the flower color in the NWP did not show up its variousness, seasonal distribution and continuity were found comparatively satisfactory. To perennially maintain the botanical composition, the variousness of wildflower species are found important after examining locally the beginning rearing and flowering characteristics of wildflowers as well as the basic turfgrass. Moreover, when the wildflower pastures was constructed in autumn, since most of the introduced wildflower were annuals, it maintained various botanical composition before wintering, but after wintering the botanical composition were found simplified due to the winter tolerance. The NWP did not show any problems in the winter tolerance but it could not make the botanical composition diversified. Accordingly, to maintain the wildflower pasture for many years, diversifying wildflower species based upon perennials including annuals seems to be good.

학교운동장용 Kentucky bluegrass 초지의 N 시비수준이 건물수량과 품질에 미치는 영향

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2005 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

한국재래산양에 의한 혼파유형별 목초의 이용성 비교 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2005 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

여러 가지 조사료를 급여한 유 산양 (Saanen)의 채식습성에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 몇 가지 조사료원을 유 산양에 급여하였을 때 조사료의 종류에 따른 채식습성을 구명하고자 2007년 3월부터 10월까지 충남대학교 부속사육장에서 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과목초 (grasses)는 Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba 및 mixed grass (혼합목초)의 5종과, 두과목초(legumes)는 Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis 및 Vicia villosa의 5종, 수엽 (browse)으로 Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia 및 Pinus densiflora의 5종과 잡초 (weeds)는 Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight 및 Rumex crispus의 5종을, 야초 (Weeds)는 Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss 및 Phragmites comunis Trin의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 시험축은 Saanen종 유산양(♀) 10두를 공시하였으며, 평균체중은 31 ㎏이었다. 시료는 초종 당 건물기준으로 0.5 ㎏씩 급여하였고 오전 9시부터 오후 6시까지 시험하였으며 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 공시시료의 조사료원별로 분석한 화학적 성분과 건물소화율은 대체적으로 채취장소, 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 차이를 보였다. 채식량, 채식비율 및 채식순위는 초종 및 수종에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮고 건물소화율이 높은 조사료를 더 즐겨 채식하는 양상을 나타내었다. 공시된 25 초종 중 perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, red clover 순으로 즐겨 채식하였으며, 소리쟁이가 가장 기호성이 낮았다. 유 산양 (Saanen)은 화본과목초 (33.3%) 및 두과목초 (25.7%)를 총 59.0% 채식하였던 반면에 수엽은 19.6%, 잡초는 15.9%, 야초는 5.5%를 채식하였던 것으로 보아 채식습성은 초류채식형 (grazer type)에 더 가까운 것으로 판단된다. The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of dairy goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Chungnam National University in 2007. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grass sources: 5 species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass, legume sources: 5 species (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources : 5 species (Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources: 5 species (Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources: 5 species (Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Ten dairy goats(Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight(average 31㎏). Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5㎏ per 1 species fed to dairy goats, and the experiment was carried out from 09:00 to 18:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period. The dairy goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by dairy goat was observed like this: perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and red clover, respectively, and the lower intake species order was Rumex crispus. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by dairy goats was showed as forage grasses (59.0%) which contained grasses(33.3%) and legumes (25.7%), browse (19.6%), weeds (15.9%) and native grasses (5.5%). Based on the result, the food intake type of dairy goats seems to be closer to grazer type.

혼파초지에 방목한 유 산양(Saanen)의 건물섭취량, 증체량 및 방목지 소요면적 산출에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 韓國草地學會 2009 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 혼파초지에서 유 산양을 방목 이용하였을 때의 건물섭취량, 증체량 및 두당 방목초지의 소요면적을 산출하고자 2007년 4월부터 2008년 6월까지 충남대학교 동물사육장내 혼파초지에서 수행하였다. 공시초지는 2006년 9월 21일 orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%)를 ㏊당 30 ㎏ 파종하여 경운초지로 조성한 혼파초지에서 수행하였다. 방목면적은 총 5,000 ㎡로 4목구(구당 평균 1,250 ㎡)의 윤환방목으로 12회 방목하였다. 공시축은 Saanen종으로 13두(평균 31.1 ㎏)를 방목하였다. 방목기간 중 월 별로 조사한 혼파초지의 평균 조단백질 함량은 20.4%, NDF와 ADF 함량은 각각 65.3%와 31.1%이었으며, 건물소화율은 68.9%이었다. 두당 평균 건물섭취량은 1.253 ㎏ 이었으며, 체중 당 3.01%을 섭취하였다. 방목기간 (184일)의 두당 평균 증체량은 17.4 ㎏이었고, 일당증체량은 98g이었다. 유 산양(체중 50 ㎏ 기준)의 두당 방목초지의 소요면적은 467.7 ㎡로 산출되었는데 이를 Animal unit (AU/㏊)로 환산하면 약 2.14 AU/㏊에 해당하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, weight gain and the required area of grazing pasture for dairy goats. The experimental trials were conducted from April, 2007 to June, 2008 at the animal experimental station in Chungnam National University. The seed mixtures of grazing pasture were composed of orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%). The grazing area was 5,000 ㎡ which was composed of 4 paddocks (average 1,250 ㎡/plot) and the goats were grazed twelve times by a rotational grazing system. The dairy goats (Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 31.1㎏). The average chemical composition of herbage of mixture in grazing periods was crude protein (20.4%), NDF (65.3%) and ADF (31.1%) respectively and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was 68.9%. The average dry matter intake amount per head was 1.253 ㎏, and the intake amount per body weight was 3.01%. The average body weight gain during the grazing periods (184 days) was 17.4 ㎏, and the daily gain was 98 g. The required area of grazing pasture was calculated at 467.7 ㎡ a dairy goat (weight 50 ㎏ basis). This figure, being converted into animal unit (AU), corresponded to approximately 2.14 AU/㏊.

대전지역에서 호밀과 보리의 파종비율이 건물수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee),신연호(Yeun Ho Shin) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 시험은 호밀과 보리의 혼파에 의해 수량성과 품질이 높은 조사료 생산방법을 강구하고자 2004년 9월부터 2007년 6월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 시험 재료는 청예용 호밀인 Koolgrazer와 대연보리였으며, 시험구 배치는 호밀 100%, 호밀 60+보리 40%, 호밀 50+보리 50% 및 호밀 40+보리 60% 등 호밀과 보리의 혼파비율을 4수준으로 하는 난괴법 3반복으로 시험하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 3년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 호밀 100%구가 9,282 ㎏으로 가장 높았고 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 건물수량은 반대로 감소하는 경향이 푸렷하였다(p<0.05). 식생비율은 보리의 파종비율이 각각 40%, 50% 및 60%로 높아짐에 따라 보리의 식생비율은 각각 30%, 41% 및 47%로 높아졌으나 파종비율 대비 보리의 식생비율은 그리 높지 못한 결과를 가져왔다. 조단백질 함량과 건물소화율은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 높아졌던 반면에 NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin 함량은 낮아지는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). ㏊당 조단백질 수량과 가소화건물 수량은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리를 혼파한 모든 처리 구에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 대전지역에서 호밀과 보리를 혼파하여 이용할 경우, 청예용 보리의 다수확품종 보급이 선행되지 않고는 건물수량과 CPDM 및 DDM수량을 높이는 데는 어려움이 클 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was conducted at college of Agriculture and Life Science in Chungnam National University from September, 2004 to June, 2007 in order to evaluate the mixture possibility between barley and rye in the area of Daejeon. Rye (cultivar; Koolgrazer) and barley (cultivar; Daeyeon Bori) were set for the experiment. The experiment was arranged in four treatments: R100 (rye 100%), R60+B40(rye 60%+barley 40%), R50%+B50% (rye 50%+barley 50%), and R40%+B60% (rye 40%+barley 60%). The experiment was repeated three times in the randomized complete block. The average dry matter (DM) yield for three years of R100 weighed 9,282㎏ and its DM yield was higher than any other DM yield. The higher the barley seed rates are, the lower the DM yield is (p<0.05). As the barley seed rates increased 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively, its vegetative percentage tended to increase 30%, 41%, and 47%, but the barley vegetative percentage against its seed rates did bring forth somewhat low results. Compared with R100, the contents of crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) got higher as the barley seed rates became higher, while the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were lower (p<0.05). Compared with R100, the yields of crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) showed lower in the any mixed barley (p<0.05). Thus, in case of using barley mixed with rye in the area of Daejeon, it seems to be quite difficult, unless the supply of high-productive barley variety is followed, to enhance the yields of DM, CPDM, and DDM.

산지초지 개량전과 후의 채식초류 이용에 관한 연구

이인덕 ( In Duk Lee ) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.7

Monthly changes in botanical composition, preference index, dry matter(DM) production, DM intake, chemical composition, in uitro DM digestibility(IVDMD), herbage utilization percentage, and chewing efficiency of dietary herbage samples from sheep fitted esophageal fistula and fecal collection bag were compared between native and improved grasslands. Experimental field was situated in Chungnam National University, Daejon and treated by one plot design from July, 1987 to July, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, and Phragmites communis dominated and the botanical composition of the plants summed up to 68∼86% on native grassland and Dactylis glomerata dominated and summed up to 54∼68% on improved grassland. The botanical composition of annuals such as Setaria viridis and Digitaria sanguninalis slightly increased on native grassland during the summer, but on improved grassland the composition of Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium repens relatively increased. The botanical composition of highly preferred native species on native grassland markedly decreased than forage species on improved grassland as the season progressed. 2. Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, and Phragmites communis were less preferred native species and Carex lanceolata, Carex siderosticta, Festuca ouina, and Commelina communis were unpalatable species in all season, while Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria uiridis, Erigeron canadensis, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza bicolor, and Robinia pseudo-acasia were highly preferred among native grassland vegetation. Forage species on improved grassland generally were preferred than native species and there was no difference in preference indices among improved grassland vegetations. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were the highly preferred species. 3. The highest plant height and leaf area index(LAI) on native grassland were observed in July and August on native grassland, but those on improved grassland was obtained in May and June. Average plant height and LAI on improved grassland were markedly higher than those on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). 4. About 58.8% of annual DM production(3295kg/ha) on native grassland was produced during the summer (July and August), while about 65.7% of annual DM production(0449kg/ha) on improved grassland was produced during the spring(April, May and June). Total DM production on improved grassland was markedly higher than the DM production on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). The maximum DM production per day on native grassland was observed in July(34.6kg/ha/day), while on improved grassland was observed in May(100.4kg/ha/day). Averaged DM production per day on improved grassland was about 45.6kg per ha, while that on native grassland was about 15.1kg per ha(p $lt;0.01). 5. Fodder value on improved grassland was about 7.08 in average, while the value on native grassland was about 3.08 in average(p $lt;0.01). 6. The percentage of herbage utilization on native grassland was about 56.5% in average, while the percentage on improved grassland was about 78.1% in average(p $lt;0.01). 7. Grazing capacity on native grassland was about 121 cow-day per ha in average, while the capacity on improved grassland was about 544 cow-day per ha(p $lt;0.01). 8. Contents of crude protein(CP), crude ash(CA) and IVDMD of collected herbage samples from esophageal fistulated sheep grazed on both native and improved grasslands were higher than those of offered and residued herbage samples, While the contents of crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) of collected herbage samples were lower than those of offered and residued samples(p $lt;0.01). 9. Contents of CP and IVDMD of herbage samples on improved grassland were higher than those on native grassland, while contents of CF, NDF and ADF were lower than those on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). Contents of CP and IVDMD of herbage samples on native grassland

여러 가지 조사료를 급여한 꽃사슴 (Servus nippon)의 채식습성에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 2007년 3월부터 12월까지 충남대학교 부속사육장 및 전북 남원시 운봉읍 소재 가축유전자원시험장에서 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과목초 (grasses)는 Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba 및 mixed grass의 5종과, 두과목초(legumes)는 Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis 및 Vicia villosa의 5종, 수엽 (browse)으로 Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia 및 Pinus densiflora의 5종과 잡초 (weeds)는 Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight 및 Rumex crispus의 5종을, 야초 (Weeds)는 Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (HACK) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss 및 Phragmites comunis Trin의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 시험축은 꽃사슴(♂) 5두를 공시하였으며, 평균체중은 92.5 ㎏이었다. 시료는 초종 당 건물기준으로 0.5 ㎏씩 급여하여 시험하였으로 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 공시시료의 조사료원별로 분석한 화학적 성분과 건물소화율은 대체적으로 채취장소, 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 차이를 보였다. 채식량, 채식비율 및 채식순위는 초종 및 수종에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 대체적으로 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮은 반면에 건물소화율이 높은 조사료를 더 즐겨 채식하는 양상을 나타내었다. 꽃사슴은 Quercus aliena Blume (갈참나무 잎, 500g)을 가장 즐겨 채식하였으며, 다음은 Prunus jamasakura Sieb. (벚나무 잎, 491g)과 Quercus serrata Thunb. (졸참나무 잎, 491g), Trifolium pratense (red clover, 481g) 순으로 즐겨 채식하였던 반면에, Phragmites comunis Trin (갈대, 8g)를 가장 적게 채식하였다. 꽃사슴의 채식습성은 수엽 36.5%, 두과목초 34.2%, 화본과목초 14.0%, 야초는 13.5% 및 잡초를 1.8% 채식하였던 것으로 보아 채식습성은 전형적인 수엽채식형 (browser type)에 가깝다고 하겠다. The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The feeding trials were conducted at Chungnam National University and Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2007. The experimental roughages sources were five including 25 species in all; grass sources; 5 species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass), legume sources; 5 species (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources; 5 species (Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources; 5 species (Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources; 5 species (Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Five sika deer were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 92.5㎏) as experimental animal. Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5㎏ (DM basis) per 1 species fed to sika deer, and the experiment was carried out from 08:00 to the next day 06:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period. The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species ranking by sika deer was observed like this: Quercus aliena Blume, Prunus jamasakura Sieb, Quercus serrata Thunb. and Trifolium pratense, respectively, and the lower intake species was Phragmites comunis Trin. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse (36.5%), Legumes (34.2%), grasses (14.0%), native grasses (13.5%) and weeds (1.8%), respectively. Based on the result, the food habits of sika deer seems to be closer to typically browser type.

초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지의 건물수량과 품질 비교 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The object of this experiment was to investigate the effect of mixture which consist of different seeding rates and species on dry matter yield and quality in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of different mixture. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures, CM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover (Regal) 10%}, red clover+mixtures, RM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 40% + tall fescue(Fawn) 20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} and Turf type grass +mixtures, TM {orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass (tall fescue, Millennium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover(Regal) 10%}. The average DM yield for 2 years of red clover+mixture(11,656㎏/ha) was higher than those of the other mixtures(p<0.05). The content of crude protein and dry matter digestibility were higher in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). but, the content of fibrous compounds like as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter(CPDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(2,832㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(2,372㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(2,266㎏/ha)(p<0.05). The digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(8,881㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(8,255㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(7,314㎏/ha)(p<0.05). In botanical composition at last cutting time in 2005, conventional mixture were maintained orchardgrass 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% and white clover 24%. Red clover + mixture were maintained orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% and red clover 31%. turf type + mixture were orchardgrass 37%, tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8% and white clover 24%, respectively. As summary, DM yields and quality of mixture species and seeding rates were observed significant difference. The results of this experiment indicated that red clover + mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area. 본 연구는 초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지를 비교 검토하여 건물수량과 품질을 높일수 있는 혼파방법을 찾고자 관행 혼파초지{Conventional mixtures(CM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover(Regal) 10%}, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지{Red clover mixtures(RM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 40% + tall fescue 20%(Fawn) + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} 및 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지{Turf type grass mixtures(TM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass(tall fescue, Millenium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover, Regal 10%)의 3처리를 두어 시험하였다. 시험은 난괴법 4반복으로 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2003년 9월부터 2005년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 건물수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 11,656㎏/ha으로 관행 혼파초지(11,245㎏/ha)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(9,897㎏/ha)에 비하여 높은 결과를 가져왔다(p<0.05). CP 함량은 연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 관계없이 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin과 같은 섬유소물질의 함량은 조사연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 따라 대체적으로 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 낮은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DMD는 레드클로버 + 혼파초지가 76.2%으로 관행 혼파초지(73.4%)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(73.9%)에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05) 2년 평균 CPDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 2,832㎏으로 관행 혼파초지(2,372㎏)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(2,266kg)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 8,881㎏으로 관행혼파초지(8,255㎏)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(7,314㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 얻었다(p<0.05). 2005년 5회 예취시의 식생비율은 관행 혼파초지는 orchardgrass는 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% 및 white clover 24%이었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% 및 red clover 31%이었고, 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 37%, 잔디형 초종 37%(tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.