사회적 자본과 장애아 어머니의 삶의 질

이애란(LEE Aeran),김영기(KIM Young Key) 지역사회학회 2004 지역사회학 Vol.6 No.1

장애를 가진 사람들은 시혜를 받아야만 하는 수동적 존재가 아니고 스스로 자신의 삶을 재구성해갈 수 있는 능력을 소유한 능동적 존재이다. 이러한 관점은 장애를 가진 사람과 환경 사이에서 벌어지는 상호작용을 의미하는 것으로써 장애를 가진 사람이 소유하고 있는 사회적 자본의 양과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 사람들은 사회적 연결망 내에 자리 매겨져 있는 자원들을 활성화시킴으로서 자신의 원하는 어떤 결과, 즉 각종 정보, 정서적 지지, 사회적 승인 등 모든 영역에 걸친 다양한 사회적 지지를 제공받을 수 있기 때문이다. 장애 아동의 어머니들을 대상으로 하여 삶을 능동적으로 재구성해 나가기 위한 에너지로써의 사회적 자본에 대한 분석을 시도한 결과, 사회적 연결망의 범위는 매우 작았으며 같은 속성을 가진 사람들과의 유유상종에 의한 폐쇄적 연결망 구조 속에서 정서적, 도구적, 정보적 지지를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 폐쇄적 연결망 속에서의 사회적 자본은 공동체를 함께 몰락시킬 수 있으며, 공동체의 연대와 개인의 자유 사이에 딜레마가 존재하고 외부와 단절되며 하향 평준화의 위험이 있다는 것을 인식하여야 한다. 결국 비장애인이나 사회로부터의 배제와 편견이 강하면 강할수록 장애인이나 가족들은 유유상종에 의한 연결망 속의 사회적 자본을 더욱 활용할 것이므로 장애인이나 비장애인 모두는 더불어 사는 사회를 만들어 나가는데 주력해야 할 것이다. This study was done to explore what kinds of social capital a mother who has a child with disabilities can use in social networks and what mechanisms are operating on her coping process as a positive actor in her own life. The participants were 5 mothers whose children have Autism and 4 mothers whose children have Cerebral palsy. Data were gathered through in-depth personal interviews, focusing on the mothers’ social networks, social capital, and their subjective feelings about their lives. Each interview took 1-2 hours. This study found the followings: First, The mothers who have children with disabilities were gradually getting isolated from society because of social stigma. The amount of social relations between the mothers and neighbors, friends, even close relatives like brothers and sisters, and parents and parents-in-law was a very small aspect in the structure of social networks. But these mothers were in new social networks among other mothers who were experiencing the same problems. It showed restricted relations reflected in solidarity expressed in the feeling of ‘we-ness’. This type of social network can be called ‘Homophily’. Second, Though husbands, parents and brothers/sisters were located close to mothers in the structure of social networks, they gave just a little support. Sometimes they acted as the causal factors to give conflict or stress to mothers. Most of the mothers were given emotional, informational, material support from the other mothers in the same situation. Third, The mothers who have children with disabilities have little social capital according to the structural and functional characteristics of social networks. Though the amount of social capital which mothers have is limited, mothers were using different types of social capital, like ‘Value introjection’, ‘Reciprocity exchanges’, ‘Bounded solidarity’, and ‘Enforceable trust’ in the close networks called homogeneity. Value introjection is a first source of social capital and prompts individuals to behave in ways other than demonstrating naked greed. Social capital arising from Reciprocity exchanges consists of the accumulation of previous good deeds done for others. Bounded solidarity focuses on situational circumstances that can lead to the emergence of principled group-oriented behavior. If there is sufficient suffering, this emergent sentiment will lead to the observance of norms of mutual support. Enforceable trust focuses on particularistic rewards and sanctions linked to group membership. Fourth, The mothers’ subject evaluation about their lives appeared to be different. Some mothers are still suffering from sadness or depression linked with their children’s disabilities, the others expressed that their lives became rich. So It can be stated that how much social capital a mother holds has some relation to success in the process of rebuilding their lives. Because richness of social capital in social networks can encourage the mothers to make their lives more positive and active.

특수교사의 응급처치에 대한 지식과 수행능력

홍선우 ( Hong Sunwoo ),강경숙 ( Kang Kyungsook ),이애란 ( Lee Aeran ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2016 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.17 No.4

장애학생의 특성을 고려한 안전교육이 강조되는 시점에서 특수교사들에게 안전에 대한 지식과 긴급한 상황이 발생하였을 때 신속한 응급처치를 할 수 있는 수행능력은 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 특수교육 기관에서 장애학생으로 하여금 우발적인 사고 발생 후 적절한 응급처치를 통해서 손상을 최소화하고 건강을 회복할 수 있도록 특수교사들이 사고유형에 따른 응급처치를 어떻게 시행하고 있는지 알아보기 위해 실행되었다. 본 연구에서는 특수학교 또는 특수학급에서 장애아동을 교육하고 있는 교사들이 경험하는 응급상황을 조사하고, 응급처치에 대한 지식과 수행능력을 파악하기 위해 전국에 소재한 특수학교(급) 특수학급 교사 303명을 대상으로 응급처치 수행능력 10개 문항 및 관련 지식 10문항의 총 20개 문항 설문지를 구성하여 응답을 수집하였고, SAS 9.1.3로 분석하였다. 대상자들의 응급처치에 대한 지식은 응급처치 교육에 대한 관심 정도와 응급상황 경험 횟수에 따라 유의한 차이가 있고, 그밖에 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 근무지, 근무경력 등의 일반적 특성에 따른 응급처치에 대한 지식은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 응급처치에 대한 수행능력은 성별, 근무지, 근무경력, 응급처치 교육에 대한 관심정도, 응급상황 경험 횟수에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 특수교사들이 근무 중 경험한 응급상황을 파악한 결과, 가장 많은 대상자가 경련을 경험했으며, 구토/설사, 고열, 출혈, 골절/탈구 순으로 많았으며, 그 외에 질식, 화상, 추락 순 이었다. 본 연구에서는 특수교사를 위한 응급처치 교육 프로그램이 개발·보급되어야 하고, 사고 유형에 따른 응급처치 교육 프로그램을 현실화하여 교사들에게 제공할 것과 특수교사의 응급상황에 따른 처치방법에 대한 실태 연구를 제안하였다. The purpose of the study was to examine special education teachers` knowledge content and practice skills for first-aid in the various emergencies and to provide procedures for minimizing the risk of further injuries to students with disabilities after contingent accidents at special education settings. Three hundred and three special education teachers were invited to participate in this study. All participants were from special schools and special classrooms in general schools. In order to examine special education teachers` treatment method in emergencies at special education settings, Special Education Teachers` first-aid Practice Questionnaire was used. SAS 9.1.3 program was used to analyze the Frequency and percentage of items in the questionnaire. The results of this study was as follows. The result revealed that the significant difference was found in knowledge of first-aid depending on interest and experiences of first-aid. However, the difference was not indicated in knowledge of first-aid depending on sex, age, education level, career of teacher. On the other hand, the significant difference was found in a competency of first-aid depending on sex, place of work, career of teacher, interest and experience of number of emergency situation. In addition to that, special education teachers experienced the emergency situations such as convulsion, vomiting/diarrhea, high fever, losing blood, fracture/dislocation in order, and then being suffocated, getting burned, getting hurt from a fall, being fallen. The implications and suggestions of this study is the necessity of developing and providing the first-aid educational program for special education teachers. Furthermore follow-up research is needed to explore the fact-finding on first-aid performed by special education teachers.

유방암 생존자의 우울예측요인

태영숙(Tae, Young Sook),권수혜(Kwon, Suhye),최정화(Choi, Jeong Hwa),이애란(Lee, Aeran) 대한종양간호학회 2013 Asian Oncology Nursing Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: This study was to identify the predictive factors for depression in breast cancer survivors. Methods: The participants were 180 female survivors who visited outpatient clinics after mastectomy or partial resection for breast cancer and had completed adjuvant treatment such as chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy at a university hospital and a general hospital. Data were collected utilizing the Zung depression scale, the Mishel uncertainty scale, the Fitts & Osgoods body image scale, and the Zimet social support scale. Results: The level of depression in the participants was moderate. There were significant correlations among depression, body image, uncertainty, and social support. There were significant differences in depression by education, economic state, perceived health status, fatigue, and pain. In regression analysis, the most powerful predictor of depression was body image (40%). Overall, body image, fatigue, social support, and uncertainty explained 62% of the variance of depression in the participants. Conclusion: Body image, fatigue, social support, and uncertainty were important predictors of depression. These results demonstrate the need for interventions to manage depression in breast cancer survivors.