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A Study of the Effects of Ginseng on the Emergence Rates of Drosophila melanogaster
Chung, Yong-Jai,Lee, Rhan-Hyun 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1976 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.17 No.-
인삼은 유구한 시일에 걸쳐 동양각지에서 소위 강장정제로 한방 및 민간약으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 서양의학의 발전에 따라 인삼의 성분연구 및 약리학적 연구에 관한 수 많은 연구 업적이 발표되았으나 그 효능과 가치에 대하여서는 만족할 만한 결과를 얻지 못하고 있다. 흔히 생체에 대한 약물실험에 있어 그 약물의 투여량에 따라 이해득실의 현상과 심지어 독작용 및 기타 여러가지 부작용을 수반한다는 여러 보고가 있다. 본 실험에서는 인삼이 노랑초파리(Drosophila melanogaster)의 우화에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 이렇듯 상반된 현상을 검토 확인하고자 여러가지 농도의 인산분말, 인삼수추출액 혹은 인삼 saponon등이 첨가된 메디아에 Oregon-R계통의 초파리를 산란시켜 사육해서 나온 초파리의 우화율을 보사 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인삼분말 처리는 인삼분말 농도 간에 유의적인 우화율의 차이를 보이고 인삼분말의 농도가 5%에서는 초파리 발생에 촉진적 효과를, 10%에서는 오히려 억제적 효과를 나타낸다. 2. 인삼수추출액 처리는 농도간에 우화율의 유의적인 변동을 보이지 않으며 초파리 우화에 두드러진 효과는 나타내지 않는다. 3. 인삼 saponin처리도 농도간에 우화율의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 이상으로 미루어 초파리 우화에 미치는 인삼의 영향에 있어서 인삼분말이 가장 두드러진 효과를 나타낸다고 하겠다. It has been long since ginseng had been regarded and used as a specific medicine for robustness throughout the Orient. Recently a number of investigations of the ingredients of ginseng and its pharmaceutical effects have been made in order to verify its medicinal valuableness scientifically, but the obtained results are not satisfactory. Depending on the ampunts of a administration, the adventages as well as the contraries were reported toxic effects and various side effects were also indicated. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to examine the validity of such contradictory results. The drosophilid flies used were the Oregon-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster and ginseng media were prepared by adding various amounts of ginseng (Panax ginseng) powder, water extract of ginseng or saponin extract from it to the standard media for the present experiment. Flies raised in the prepared media for their emergence rates were examined. The results are given below: 1) Treatment with ginseng powder results in significant difference among the emwegence rates at various concentrations suitable dosage of administration (5%) has fairly promotive effects and the other dosage the contrary. 2) In the treatment with water extract of ginseng, the emergence rate shows no significant difference among various concentrations. Thus, water extract of ginseng is not thought to have any conspicuous promotive effect on the emergence rate of Drosophila melanogaster. 3) When saponin extracted from ginseng were applied to the flies, no significant difference of the emergence rates is found among the concentrations of saponin. Judging from the above results, the effect of the ginseng powder is considered to be the most conspicuous on the emergence rates of Drosophila melanogaster compared to the effect of water extracts and saponin extracts from ginseng.
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Effects of Cordyceps Militaris Extract on Tumor Immunity
하재원,유화승,신장우,조정효,이난현,윤담희,이연월,손창규,조종관 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Background and Aims:Even though various strategies for cancer treatment have advanced with the remarkable development of genomic information and technology, it is far from giving relief to cancer patients. Recently there is accumulating evidence that the immune system is closely connected to anti-tumor defense mechanisms in a multistage process. This includes tumorigenesis, invasion, growth and metastasis. Cordyceps Militaris, a well-known oriental herbal medicine, is a parasitic fungus that has been used as an immune enhancing agent for a long period of time. However, little is known about the cancer-related immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cordyceps Militaris extract (CME) on immune modulating and anti-tumor activity. Materials and Methods:To elucidate the effects of CME on macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell activity, we analyzed nitric oxide (NO) production, NK cytotoxicity and gene expression of cytokines related with macrophages and NK cell activity. Results and Conclusions:CME activated and promoted macrophage production of NO. It also enhanced gene expression of IL-1 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. CME promoted cytotoxicity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells and enhanced NK cell related gene expression such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, iNOS, IFN-γ and TNF-α in mice splenocytes. It also promoted protein expression of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in mice splenocytes and inhibited lung tumor metastasis induced by CT-26 cell line compared with the control group. From these results, it could be concluded that CME is an effective herbal drug for modulating the immune system and anti-cancer treatment by promoting macrophage and NK cell activity.
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