전자화폐서비스 동향 및 비즈니스

신장우 한국전자거래학회 2003 한국전자거래학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2003 No.-

Acupuncture on Siguan Points (LI4 and LR3) Restores Loperamide / Scopolamine-induced Intestinal Immotility in Mice

신장우,손진영,손창규,임윤경,구성태,최순미 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objective: Siguan points (LI4, LR3) have been most frequently applied for various diseases, especially different digestive disorders such as constipation, abdominal pain or various intestinal inflammatory diseases. The fact that gastrointestinal movement is closely connected with physiologic functions or pathologic process of alimentary canal led us to ask the question if Siguan points affects on intestinal motility. Design: To investigate the effect of Siguan acupuncture on the intestinal movement in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, we divided the experimental animals into 12 groups. Six groups were pre-treated with loperamide (0.5 mg/kg, sc) or scoploamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) to suppress the intestinal movement and another three groups were pretreated with carbachol (0.5 mg/kg, po) to activate it, whereas the rest three groups didn’t receive any pretreatment to be kept in the physiological condition. After the administration with charcoal meal, mice were acupunctured bilaterally on sham point or Siguan points as the manner of tap-stimulation, with the exception of no acupuncture groups. Methods: Mice were scarified in twenty minutes after the administration of charcoal to measure the distance of charcoal passage from stomach-duodenal junction. The effect on intestinal movement was presented by calculating the relative distance where charcoal arrived to total length of small intestine. Results: In physiological state, charcoal meal passed around 53%, and there was no significant difference between Siguan points and sham points groups. On the other hand, Siguan points-stimulation significantly ameliorated loperamide or scoplolamine-induced suppressed travel rate of 17.3 % and 18.6 % in sham point into 26 % and 26.3 % respectively (P<0.05). In carbachol-induced accelerated condition, Siguan points-stimulation didn’t affect intestinal motility comparing to sham point group passed about 97.6 %. Conclusions: These results postulate that acupuncture at Siguan points have a therapeutic effect by restoring cholinergic activity on pathogenically suppressed intestinal peristalsis, but does not affect the gastrointestinal motility in the normal or accelerated condition. 목적: 위장관의 운동은 소화관의 생리적 기능 및 질병의 병태나 치료에도 밀접히 관련되는데 사관혈(LI4, LR3)은 위장관 질환에 가장 선용되는 경혈이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사관혈의 자침이 장운동 속도에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법: 웅성 백서를 이용하여 생리적 상태의 모델, 장운동이 억제된 모델( loperamide 0.5 mg/kg 혹은 scoploamine 0.5 mg/kg), 장운동이 항진된 모델( carbachol 0.5 mg/kg) 에 사관혈이나 거짓 침을 자극 한 후 복용시킨 숯의 이동거리를 측정하여 침자극의 영향을 분석하였다. 결과: 생리적 상태와 장운동이 항진된 모델에서의 사관혈 자침은 숯의 이동거리에 영향이 없었다. 그러나, loperamide나 scoploamine으로 장운동이 억제된 상태에서는 유의성 있는 장운동의 촉진을 나타내었다. 결론: 사관혈의 자침은 병리적으로 장운동이 억제된 상태에서 장운동을 회복하는 방향으로 효과가 있음을 동물 모델을 통해서 처음으로 입증하였다.

Effects of Galhwahyejungtang (GHT) on Protection for?Alcohol-induced Liver Injury

안태규,신장우,조정효,유화승,이연열,이남현,윤담희,손찬규,조총관 대한한의학회 2005 대한한의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the protective efficacy of GHT for alcoholic liver injury.Methods We measured the rate of alcohol oxidation, serum level of liver enzyme, lipid peroxidation level in liver tissue, and inflammatory related cytokine expressions in liver.Results GHT showed the liver protective effects, lowered the levels of AST, LDH, in serum and inhibited lipid peroxidation in liver tissue respectively, and enhanced alcohol oxidation. GHT treatment up-regulated IL-10 in liver, whereas down-regulated TNF-α, TGF-β and Fas ligand.Conclusion From these results, GHT is supposed to work in the liver protective roles not through pathway of alcohol metabolism but mainly by anti-inflammation activity in our model.

Four-week Repeated Dose Toxicity Test for Myelophil in SD Rats

정종미,신장우,손진영,조정효,조종관,손창규,성낙원,서동석 대한한의학회 2009 대한한의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Aim:To evaluate the pharmaceutical safety of the herbal formula Myelophil, composed of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, via systemic subacute toxicological study using SD rats. Methods:Forty male and 40 female SD rats were fed with Myelophil (5000, 2500 or 1250 mg/10 mL/kg) or distilled water for four weeks. Adverse effects were examined intensively by comparing the differences between normal and drug-administered groups using clinical signs, necropsies, histopathologic findings, hematology, urinalysis, and blood biochemical analysis. Results:No altered clinical symptoms including body weight, diarrhea, anorexia, death, and abnormal necropsy of major organs were observed in male or female rats. No drug-induced abnormalities in histopathological finding, hematological values, urinalysis, and blood biochemical values were found at any doses of Myelophil. Conclusion:Myelophil should be very safe when used in a clinical application with a wide therapeutic index. Aim:To evaluate the pharmaceutical safety of the herbal formula Myelophil, composed of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, via systemic subacute toxicological study using SD rats. Methods:Forty male and 40 female SD rats were fed with Myelophil (5000, 2500 or 1250 mg/10 mL/kg) or distilled water for four weeks. Adverse effects were examined intensively by comparing the differences between normal and drug-administered groups using clinical signs, necropsies, histopathologic findings, hematology, urinalysis, and blood biochemical analysis. Results:No altered clinical symptoms including body weight, diarrhea, anorexia, death, and abnormal necropsy of major organs were observed in male or female rats. No drug-induced abnormalities in histopathological finding, hematological values, urinalysis, and blood biochemical values were found at any doses of Myelophil. Conclusion:Myelophil should be very safe when used in a clinical application with a wide therapeutic index.

『道德經』 1-20章의 國譯 硏究

홍진우,신장우,채한,백진웅 대한한의학원전학회 2009 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.22 No.3

To catch the message of Taoism inside the theory of Korean medicine, we have to understand the contents of Tao Te Ching(道德經) the only writings of Lao-tzu(老子). And to do that, precise translation into Korean language must be held before anything else. There have been a little bit more than 50 Korean versions of Tao-te-Ching, and we screened out 10 versions based on academic value. With them, we had a study on the translation of Tao Te Ching, from chapter 1 to 20. Our study found that the existing 10 versions have some obscure words, wrong paragraph classifications, descriptions out of context needing remedial actions for exact understanding. And Chinese words and phrases with various meanings could be translated correctly with our constant rule that values consistent context.

Notoginseng Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Extract Combination (YH23537) Reduces Pain and Cartilage Degeneration in Rats with Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis

전주연,나현식,신장우,정경아,서현범,류재윤,최정원,문수진,박현제,오세웅,조미라,민준기 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.8

Notoginseng Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata have been widely used traditionally for treating inflammatory diseases. This research studies the therapeutic effects of YH23537, the extracts of Notoginseng Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, on pain and cartilage degeneration in an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Male Wistar rats were inoculated intra-articularly with 3mg of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the right intra-articular. Four days later, the animals were administrated orally with YH23537 daily for 24 days. Tactile allodynia and weight bearing were measured. Macroscopic and microscopic observations for articular cartilage were performed at the end of the experiment. Protein expression in the joint was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of YH23537 on mRNA levels in chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β were analyzed using random polymerase chain reaction. OA induction was confirmed by significant decrease of paw withdrawal latency, paw withdrawal threshold, and weight bearing compared with the normal group at 3 days after MIA injection. The YH23537-treated groups displayed significant increases in pain thresholds and weight bearing throughout the observation period. The damage to articular cartilage was significantly lessened visually and histopathologically by YH23537 treatment. YH23537 also suppressed the expression of metalloproteinase-3, nitrotyrosine, IL-1β and IL-6 increased in OA joints. YH23537 upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-3 in IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes. The protein levels of the NF-κBp65 and HIF-2α in the joint tissues were reduced by YH23537. YH23537 exerted antinociceptive effects and cartilage protective effects in experimental OA rats by suppressing oxidative injury, inflammatory mediators, and inducing anabolic factors. We suggest that YH23537 may have efficacy for treating OA in humans.

Effects of Cordyceps Militaris Extract on Tumor Immunity

하재원,유화승,신장우,조정효,이난현,윤담희,이연월,손창규,조종관 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Background and Aims:Even though various strategies for cancer treatment have advanced with the remarkable development of genomic information and technology, it is far from giving relief to cancer patients. Recently there is accumulating evidence that the immune system is closely connected to anti-tumor defense mechanisms in a multistage process. This includes tumorigenesis, invasion, growth and metastasis. Cordyceps Militaris, a well-known oriental herbal medicine, is a parasitic fungus that has been used as an immune enhancing agent for a long period of time. However, little is known about the cancer-related immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cordyceps Militaris extract (CME) on immune modulating and anti-tumor activity. Materials and Methods:To elucidate the effects of CME on macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell activity, we analyzed nitric oxide (NO) production, NK cytotoxicity and gene expression of cytokines related with macrophages and NK cell activity. Results and Conclusions:CME activated and promoted macrophage production of NO. It also enhanced gene expression of IL-1 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. CME promoted cytotoxicity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells and enhanced NK cell related gene expression such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, iNOS, IFN-γ and TNF-α in mice splenocytes. It also promoted protein expression of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in mice splenocytes and inhibited lung tumor metastasis induced by CT-26 cell line compared with the control group. From these results, it could be concluded that CME is an effective herbal drug for modulating the immune system and anti-cancer treatment by promoting macrophage and NK cell activity.

새로운 Cephalosporin계 항생제 IDC-7181의 랫드에 대한 단회 및 4주반복 정맥투여 독성시험

장호송,황재식,신장우,정은용,신지순,이수해,이종성,강재훈,김기원,김윤배,남상윤,강종구 한국독성학회 2002 Toxicological Research Vol.18 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate single and repeated-dose toxicities of a new cephalosporin antibiatic agent IDC-7181 in Sprague-Dawley rats. IDC-7181 was injected intravenously to rats at dose levels of 0, 3.2, 16, 80, 400 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for single-dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4-week repeated-dose toxicity study. In both stduies, there were no dose-related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, opthalmoscpy, organ weights, urine analysis, biochemical examination, and hematological findings of all animals treated with IDC-7181. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to IDC-7181. These results suggest that the intravenouse maximum tolerated dose value of IDC-7181 may be over 250 mg/kg and LD_(50) value may be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

Anti-proliferative Effect of Coptis Chinensis Extrac in Hep G2 Cells

김준래,유화승,신장우,오세미,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Objectives:This study is aimed to elucidate anti-hepatoma activity of Coptis Chinensis Extract (CCE) and evaluate its effect on proliferation of human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. Methods:To identify CCE and control the quality, we performed fingerprinting by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).To investigate effects of CCE on anti-hepatoma activity, we measured cytotoxicity against Hep G2 cells compared with treatment of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).To examine the mechanism of inhibitory effect of CCE on Hep G2 cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution was evaluated using fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) Results:CCE showed a significant effect that arrests Hep G2 cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. CCE combined with paclitaxel inhibited synergistically cell growth of Hep G2 cells. Conclusion:CCE may present anticancer effects through inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation via G2/M arrest, and may be a useful anticancer agent for HCC.

Lipid-lowering Effect of Chunggantang in Poloxamer-407 induced Hyperlipidemia Model in Rat

박종학,조정효,신장우,이연월,유화승,이남헌,윤담희,조종관,손창규,Park, Hong-Hak,Cho, Jung-Hyo,Shin, Jang-Woo,Lee, Yeon-Weol,Yoo, Hwa-Seung,Lee, Nam-Heon,Yun, Dam-Hee,Cho, Chong-Kwan,Son, Chang-Gue The Society of Internal Korean Medicine 2005 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구는 Poloxamer-407로 유발시킨 고지혈증에 대한 청간탕의 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되어졌다. 실험방법: Poloxamer-407로 쥐에 고지혈증을 유발시킨후 청간탕과 Lipidil을 경구 투여하여 혈청 cholesterol, 고밀도 지단백, 중성지질을 측정하였으며, 지질대사와 관련된 ACAT, DGAT, $CYP7{\alpha}H$, LDL receptor의 gene expression을 RT-PCR를 통해 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과: 청간탕 투여군은 혈청 콜레스테롤을 각각 32% 와 65% (p<0.05)로, 혈청 중성지방을 각각 21% 와 51% (p<0.05)로 감소시켰다. 또한, 청간탕은 LDL 수용체와 $CYP7{\alpha}H$ 유전자 발현을 증가시켰다. 결론: 이상의 연구로부터 우리는 청간탕이 지질의 흡수, 저장을 억제하고 콜레스테롤의 분비를 촉진함으로써 고지혈증에 일정한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.