발효액중의 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-Dione의 정량법

이강만,배무,Lee, Kang-Man,Bae, Moo 대한약학회 1987 약학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Fermentation processes have been employed to produce 17-ketosteroids from sterol with chelator of Fe$^{2+}$ such as $\alpha$, ${\alpha}'$-dipyriyl. To analyze the products of sterol fermentation, we developed a simple TLC method without interference of the chelator $\alpha$, ${\alpha}'$-dipyridyl, using Ag$^+$ band on TLC plate.

Actinoplanes ferrrugineus 의 세포 추출액에서 5 ' - S - methylthioadenosine 의 메치오닌으로 전환

이강만,장미경,Ronald W . Woodard ( Kang Man Lee,Mi Kyung Chang,Ronald W . Woodard ) 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.23 No.2

The cell-free extracts of Actinoplanes ferrugineus converted 5`-S-methylthioadenosine to methionine. A transient accumulation of methylthioribose-l-phosphate was noted in the course of the conversion under aerobic reaction condition. F ides methylthioribose-1-phosphate, a compound was also accumulated in the reaction mixture under anaerobic condition, which contained a phosphate group sensitive to alkaline phosphatase but not to 0.01N-HCI hydrolysis.

The Conversion of 5'-S-Methylthioadenosine to Methionine in the Cell-Free Extracts of Actinoplanes ferrugineus

이강만,장미경,Lee, Kang-Man,Chang, Mi-Kyung,Woodard, Ronald W. 생화학분자생물학회 1990 한국생화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Actinoplanes ferrugineus 세포 추출액에 의하여 5'-S-methylthioadenosine이 메치오닌으로 전환됨을 확인하였다. 산소가 존재하는 상태의 반응액에서는 methylthioribose-1-phosphate가 5'-S-methylthioadenosine으로부터 메치오닌으로 전환되는 과정에서 생성 소실됨을 볼 수 있었다. Methylthioribose-1-phosphate 이외의 중간 생성물로는 산소가 존재하지 않는 상태의 반응액으로부터 alkaline phosphatase에는 민감하나 0.01 N-HCl 가수분해에는 반응하지 않는 물질이 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. The cell-free extracts of Actinoplanes ferrugineus converted 5'-S-methylthioadenosine to methionine. A transient accumulation of methylthioribose-1-phosphate was noted in the course of the conversion under aerobic reaction condition. Besides methylthioribose-1-phosphate, a compound was also accumulated in the reaction mixture under anaerobic condition, which contained a phosphate group sensitive to alkaline phosphatase but not to 0.01N-HCl hydrolysis.

효모 알코올 탈수소효소 아스파르트산-223 잔기의 루신으로 치환과 보조효소의 특이성

이강만(Kang Man Lee),류지원(Ji Won Ryu) 대한약학회 1992 약학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) has an acidic residue that interacts with the 2'- and 3'-hydroxyl groups of the adenosine ribose of the NAD^ coenzyme. The acidic residue of Asp-223 (according to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase amino acid sequence) is supposed to determine the coenzyme specificity for NAD 사^ rather than NADP후. We mutated Asp-223 to leucine and the mutant YADH was expressed in yeast and characterized for the coenzyme specificity. The turnover numbers of mutant enzyme for NAD^ and ethanol were decreased 3.5- and 4.8-fold compared to wild-type enzyme, respectively. Contrastively, catalytic specificity for NADP was increased 13-fold. As a result, the mutant YADH also employed NADP* as a coenzyme.

병진이동으로 인한 주동파괴 시 지오그리드 보강토 모델벽체의 거동

이강만(Kang-Man Lee),공석민(Suk-Min Kong),이대영(Dae-Young Lee),이용주(Yong-Joo Lee) 한국지반신소재학회 2015 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.4

최근 사면 및 흙막이 벽체의 붕괴에 따른 안전사고가 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 보강토 옹벽 공법의 안정성이 사회적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 모형벽체 시험기를 제작하여 지오그리드 길이와 보강 층수에 따른 주동파괴 시 흙막이 벽체와 지반의 거동특성을 분석하였다. 벽체 시험에 사용된 지오그리드는 각각 30cm × 60cm, 30cm × 70cm, 30cm × 80cm (폭 × 길이)의 크기를 가지며, 일정한 깊이로 설치되었다. 모형벽체 시험은 2장의 동일한 길이의 지오그리드, 2장의 서로 다른 길이의 지오그리드, 4장의 동일한 길이의 지오그리드, 4장의 서로 다른 길이의 지오그리드 총 4가지 case로 나누어 모형시험을 진행하였다. 또한 유한요소 수치해석을 통해 보강방법에 따른 지반의 거동을 예측하였다. Recently, there has been a string of negligent accidents for the retaining wall and slope. In order to measure the ground deformation for the MSE wall, the authors carried out the model test to assess behavioral characteristics of geogrid MSE walls in active failure state with different conditions of geogrid reinforcement. The models are built in the soil container box having dimension, 100 cm long, 90 cm height, and 10 cm wide. The reinforcement used in the model test is geogrid (polyvinyl chloride, PVC). Three geogrids are sized by 30 cm × 60 cm, 30 cm × 70 cm, 30 cm × 80 cm (width × length) respectively. In this study, the laboratory model tests represented for several conditions of the MSE wall, and then its results were compared to 2D FE analysis.

공동주택 하자담보책임의 연혁과 개선방향

이강만(Lee, Kang Man) 사단법인 건설법학회 2024 건설법연구 Vol.- No.11

공동주택의 하자에 대하여는 「집합건물의 관리 및 소유에 관한 법률」과 「공동주택관리법」이 이원적으로 규율하고 있다. 그런데 「주택건설촉진법」을 비롯하여 이후 공동주택 관리에 관한 사항을 규정하고 있는 「주택법」, 「공동주택관리법」은 헌법상의 쾌적한 주거권을 보장하기 위한 차원에서 마련된 공법인 반면에 「집합건물의 소유 및 관리에 관한 법률」은 집합건물의 구분소유자들의 재산권 보장을 목적으로 제정된 사법이라는 점에서 양 법률이 규정하고 있는 공동주택의 하자에 관한 내용은 그 규정 목적부터 상이하다. 이에 따라 양 법률이 규정하고 있는 하자담보책임은 그 구체적인 유형, 청구권자 및 부담자, 청구기간에 있어서 상당한 차이를 보여 왔다. 이후 수 차례에 걸친 법령의 제·개정을 통하여 이러한 간극은 좁혀졌으나, 이과정에서 상당한 법적 혼란이 존재하였고, 특히 공법적 측면에서 요구되는 사업주체의 하자보수책임은 그 의미가 상당히 퇴색하였다. 그 결과 공동주택의 하자에 대하여는 발생된 하자를 보수하기 보다는 하자보수에 갈음하는 손해배상을 받는 것에 그 초점이 맞추어져 있는 상황이다. 이에 본고에서는 이와 같이 공동주택의 하자를 이원적으로 규율하게 된 연혁과 양 법제가 규정하고 있는 하자담보책임의 구체적인 내용과 차이점 등을 분석함으로써 공동주택의 하자 보수에 관한 문제점을 살펴보고, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안을 모색하여 보기로 한다. Regulations on defects in multi-family housing are stipulated by two positive laws: the Act on Ownership and Management of Condominium Buildings and the Multi-Family Housing Management Act. However, the characteristics and purpose of these two laws differ. The Multi-Family Housing Management Act is a public law securing the constitutional rights to housing, which includes administrative laws on the construction of housing (e.g., the Housing Construction Promotion Act) and those related to the management of housing (e.g., the Housing Act and the Multi-Family Housing Management Act). However, the Act on Ownership and Management of Condominium Buildings is a private law merely focusing on the property rights of condominium owners. Therefore, the stipulations of these two positive laws regarding defects in multi-family housing also differ in many aspects, such as the types of defects, standings to claim repair, distribution of responsibility, and statutory limitations. However, the legal aspect remains ambiguous, despite the gap being narrowed through several rounds of enactment and amendment to positive laws. In particular, the meaning of the project implementers defect repair responsibility, which must be understood from a public law perspective, has been considerably ambiguous. Consequently, for defects in multi-family housing, the focus is merely on monetary compensation for defects, which is a matter of private law, rather than on the implementation of defect repair itself, which is a matter of public law. Accordingly, this study examines the problems related to the repair of defects in multi-family housing by analyzing the history of these positive laws, their detailed stipulations, and the differences in defect warranty liability. Based on these analyses, this study attempts to identify and suggest solutions to overcome these issues.

Studies on NAD Nucleosidase in Erythrocytes

김형로,이강만,이민화 ( Hyung Rho Kim,Kang Man Lee,Min Wha Lee ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1969 BMB Reports Vol.2 No.2

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 질소시비반응(窒素施肥反應)의 품종간(品種間) 차이(差異)

이춘수,신철우,곽한강,이강만,안윤수,박준규,Lee, Choon-Soo,Shin, Cheol-Woo,Kwak, Han-Kang,Lee, Kang-Man,Ahn, Yoon-Soo,Park, Jun-Kyu 한국토양비료학회 1985 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

수원지방(水原地方)의 농가포장(農家圃場)에서 1978년(年)~83년(年) (6개년(個年)) 식양토(埴壤土)인 보통답(普通畓)에서 수도품종별(水稻品種別) 질소(窒素) 시비반응(施肥反應) 및 질소(窒素) 생산효율(生産效率) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)하였는바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2차회귀식(次回歸式)을 적용(適用), 최다수량(最多收量)을 생산(生産)하기 위(爲)한 질소시비(窒素施肥) 최적량(最適量)은 13.9g~28.0kg/10a 범위(範圍)로 품종(品種)에 따라 차이(差異)가 크므로 질소내비성(窒素耐肥性)을 고려(考慮)하여 품종(品種)을 선정(選定), 재배(栽培)함이 필요(必要)하였다. 2. 질소(窒素) 시비최적량(施肥最適量)이 높았던 품종(品種)에서는 수확기(收穫期) 질소함량(窒素含量)(경엽(莖葉)) 및 총질소(總窒素) 흡수량(吸收量)(경엽(莖葉)+곡실(穀實))이 증가(增加)하였으나 최적량(最適量) 시용시(施用時) 시비(施肥) 및 흡수질소(吸收窒素)의 생산효율(生産效率)과 질소이용율(窒素利用率)은 오히려 감소(減少)하였다 3. 품종별(品種別) 무질소구(無窒素區) 정조수량(正租收量)에 대(對)한 질소(窒素) 최적량(最適量) 시용시(施用時) 정조수량(正租收量)의 증수효과(增收效果)를 증수율(增收率)로서 볼 때 29~121%의 범위(範圍)로서 품종간(品種間) 질소응수(窒素應酬)의 차이(差異)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 4. 질소(窒素) 최적량(最適量) 시용시(施用時) 질소응수(窒素應酬)가 큰 품종(品種)은 수확기(收穫期) 총질소(總窒素) 흡수량(吸收量), 시비(施肥) 및 흡수질소(吸收窒素)의 생산효율(生産效率)과 질소이용률(窒素利用率)이 높았다. An attempt to evaluate yield response and efficiency of N fertilizer was made with the data obtained from various rice cultivars during 1978 to 1983. 1. The optimum rate of N fertilizer for maximum yield varied from 13.9 to 28.0 kg/10a with rice varieties. 2. The cultivars with high optimum N levels were high in N content (straw) and N uptake (straw+grain) at harvesting stage, but low in production efficiency and use efficiency of N. 3. The yield increment at the optimum rates of N in comparison with no N application among the rice varieties were 29-101%. 4. The cultivars with hish yield increment at optimum rate were high in the N content (straw+grain), and production efficiency at harvesting stage.

알칼리성 Protease를 생성하는 알칼리성 세균 및 그 효소활성에 관한 연구

박수진(Soo Jin Park),이강만(Kang Man Lee),배무(Moo Bae) 대한약학회 1990 약학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Alkalophilic bacteria isolated from compost were selected, identified and tested for production of alkaline protease. The bacterium was tentatively assigned to Bacillus sp. based on the morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The optimum pH of growth was 10 Galactose and Sodium glutamate enhanced the production of alkaline protease. The protease was most active at pH 11.0 and 60oC and stable in the range of pH 5-11 and temp.30o-55oC. The protease was stabilized by the presence of calcium salts.

Brevibacterium lipolyticum 변이주에 의한 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-Dione의 생성

최인화(In Wha Choi),이강만(Kang Man Lee) 대한약학회 1989 약학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Microbiological conversion of sterols to 17-ketosteroids has been recognized as a source for commercial preparation of steroidal drugs. In order to develop bacterial strains and process with Brevibacterium lipolyticum IAM 1398 capable of converting cholesterol to 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD) at about 27% yield, we studied on strain improvement, fermentation condition and whole cell immobilization. By using UV and/or NTG as mutagens, a mutant to convert cholesterol to ADD with higher yield than 60% was selected. Better production of ADD was manifested in the case of maltose used as a supplemental carbon source, and yeast extract or soytone as a nitrogen source. Addition of tween 80 (0.05%) as a surfactant beneficial for increasing the productivity. The optimal initial pH of the medium was 6.5 and optimal culture temperature was 30oC. Whole cell immobilization by using carrageenan, agar, alginate and acrylamide was carried out and the activity of conversion was tested. In the case of carrageenan and agar, immobilized cells were active for at least two cycles of fermentation.