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Chlorogenic Acid와 Fluconazole 병용에 의한 항진균작용의 상승효과
한용문,유정임,Han, Yongmoon,Rhew, Zheong-Imm 대한약학회 2016 약학회지 Vol.60 No.4
In this present study, we determined the ability of chlorogenic acid (CRA), a polyphenolic compound, to potentiate the antifungal activity of fluconazole (FCZ) against Candida albicans. The determination was investigated by a microdilution susceptibility method and in a murine model of cutaneous candidiasis due to C. albicans. Results showed that CRA had a dose-dependent antifungal activity; and when combined with FCZ, the antifungal activity was synergistic as determined by the microdilition susceptibility method. For example, a combination of CRA at $25{\mu}g/ml$ plus FCZ at $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ was approximately 3 times more effective than antifungal activity of FCZ alone at the same dose (P<0.01). This potentiation by CRA was almost equivalent to antifungal activity by FCZ alone at $0.5{\mu}g/ml$, displaying that the CRA potentiates FCZ's antifungal activity by almost 5 times (P<0.01). Moreover, this combination demonstrated synergic activity against the cutaneous disease as well, resulting in approximately 3 times more greater antifungal activity than FCZ alone at $0.1{\mu}g/mouse$ (P<0.01). This suggests that the combination therapy can reduce side effects caused by FCZ in clinical situations. In summary, CRA has a synergistic antifungal activity, which can be produced by combining CRA with FCZ. Therefore, our data strongly indicate that CRA can be a potential candidate as an antifungal agent for combination therapy.
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전신성 캔디다증에 대한 RK1 인삼배당체의 면역보조 효능
한용문(Yongmoon Han),유정임(Zheong-Imm Rhew) 대한약학회 2017 약학회지 Vol.61 No.4
We have previously shown that the antibody, specific for β-1,2 mannotriose on the Candida albicans cell wall (CACW), is protective against disseminated candidiasis and vaginal infection. Nevertheless, the isolation of such epitope requires tremendous amount of time, which is very costly. This led us to find a simple way to obtain an immuoadjuvant capa-ble of inducing protective antibodies. Thus, in the present study, for the discovery of such adjuvant, we examined gin-senoside RK1 against Candida albicans-caused infections. Our data displayed that a formulae of CACW (C. albicans cell wall) combined with RK1 [CACW/RK1] enhanced production of anti-C. albicans antibody in mice. Analyses by IgG-isotyping showed that the formulae suppressed IgG1 (Th2-immune polarized) but enhanced IgG2a (Th1-immune polarized), thus resulting in a Th1 immunity. This effectiveness of RK1 was assessed in the murine model of disseminated candidiasis caused by C. albicans. The assessment indicated that the formulae with RK1 enhanced resistance of mice against the can-didiasis, whereas [CACW] alone was not protective. Overall, RK1 has immunoregulatory activity that provokes the pro-duction of protective antibody in mice through enhancing Th1 immunity.
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Candida albicans 기인성 뇌감염에 대한 로즈마리 정유의 항진균효과
한용문(Yongmoon Han),유정임(Zheong Imm Rhew) 대한약학회 2018 약학회지 Vol.62 No.3
Recently, the number of cases of fungal brain infections has been rising caused by Candida albicans. In this present study, we determined effect of rosemary essential oil (REO) against fungal brain infection due to C. albicans. In experiments, REO extract contained of α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, and verbenone as main essential oils as analyzed by GC-MS. The REO inhibited C. albicans growth under in-vitro condition. This antifungal activity was dose dependent. Thus, REO was then assessed in the animal model of brain infection. BALB/c mice were pre-treated intraperitoneally with anti-CD4 mAb. Forty-eight hours later, the mice were infected intravenously with C. albicans (Day 1) and these animals received REO every other day for 3 times (Day 1, 3, & 5). At Day 12, their brains were harvested and CFU (colony forming units) values in the brains were measured. Results showed that REO treatment reduced CFU values up to approx. 65% when compared to CFU values of control mice (P < 0.01). Similarly, the REO treatment improved whirling motion in mice, which served as an indicator for the presence of a brain infection. Amphotericin B, a positive control, had similar activity as REO. Therefore, our observations indicate that REO appears to be effective against fungal brain infections caused by C. albicans.
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