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유영기 중국인문학회 2017 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.65
Some disyllabic language units(they are composed of two same Chinese characters and they could be words, phrases, or other constructions)in old and contemporary Chinese are different from each other in the perspective of phonological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic viewpoint. Phonologically, dissimilar pronunciation between old and modern Chinese results in unlike meanings of disyllabic language units. Syntactically, differences between two types of Chinese are revealed in “predicate+object”, “attributive verb phrase”, “coordinate verb phrase”, “verb”; “attributive adjective phrase”, “coordinate adjective phrase”, “adjective”; “attributive noun phrase”, “coordinate noun phrase”, “noun”; “adverb”, “pronoun”, “subject + predicate”, “conjunction + pronoun”, “predicate + complement”, “preposition + object”, “number+measure word”, “coordinate number phrase”, “preposition + verb”, “conjunction + verb”, “verb + conjunction”, “preposition + preposition” construction. Semantically, the differences are shown as the form of meaning enlargement, contraction and shift. Pragmatically, they have been changed from good connotation to bad one and vice versa.
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유영기 중국인문학회 2018 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.68
The subjects of “MengZi『孟子』” have shown several kinds. Based on the meaning between subject-predicate, subjects are divided into four categories such as agentive, recipient, existential, topic subjects. Agentive subjects are agents of behaviour or action; recipient subjects are receivers of action; existential subjects are being that will be existing or perishing; topic subjects are being commented. Agentive and existential subjects can be easily identified, so we can omit explaining them. However, recipient and topic subjects need detailed classification. We can combine both recipient and topic subjects as “suggestive subjects”, because they are located at the most front part of a sentence. The subcategories of recipient and topic subjects are, respectively, nine and twelve. We have shown detailed categorization with the sentences of “MengZi『孟子』”.
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한의학 경전의 중언 연구-≪黃帝內經ㆍ靈樞≫를 중심으로 -
유영기 중국인문학회 2019 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.71
There are 78 duplicate words in “HuangDiNeiJingLingShu"≪黃帝內經⋅靈樞≫), and among them, 濯濯, 漯漯, 蒼蒼 appear three times respectively. 渾渾, 熇熇, 憺憺, 臨臨, 喝喝, 洒洒, 嚮嚮, 䀮䀮, 敦敦, 隨隨, 監監, 廉廉 appear two times each. And 冥冥 腄腄 淡淡 吤吤 膨膨 惕惕 焞焞 吸吸 貞貞 沈沈 谷谷 淅淅 嗇嗇 灼灼 滄滄 溱溱 央央 輕輕 懦懦 亭亭 淳淳 逢逢 漉漉 堂堂 佗佗 遺遺 推推 栝栝 核核 肌肌 慆慆 鮫鮫 支支 頤頤 婉婉 坎坎 樞樞 兀兀 脫脫 嚴嚴 延延 頰頰 紆紆 潔潔 安安 䐜䐜 高高 湛湛 于于 小小 惧惧 欣欣 謙謙 黮黮 軒軒 儲儲 委委 顒顒 愉愉 眩眩 豆豆 紛紛 皅皅, all of them are used only once. Duplicate words have the role of predicate as 懦懦 監監 廉廉 輕輕 央央 臨臨 蒼蒼 吸吸 焞焞 惕惕 喝喝 吤吤 慆慆 肌肌 核核 推推 隨隨 遺遺 佗佗 熇熇 淳淳 亭亭 潔潔 紆紆 延延 嚴嚴 脫脫 兀兀 坎坎 敦敦 支支 頤頤 鮫鮫 愉愉 豆豆 䁢䁢 婉婉 栝栝 委委 儲儲 紛紛 顒顒 高高 安安 瀫瀫 沉沉 嚮嚮 惕惕 䀮䀮 嗇嗇 樞樞 頰頰 湛湛 于于 謙謙 軒軒 憺憺 腄腄 澹澹 䐜䐜 膨膨 渾渾 漯漯. Some are adverbial modifiers like 淅淅憺憺 黮黮 臨臨 濯濯 貞貞 喝喝 洒洒 冥冥. There are attributives as 漉漉 渾渾 小小 熇熇 堂堂 逢逢. There are objectives such as 欣欣 懼懼 滄滄 灼灼. Still there are verbal complements like 濯濯 溱溱. The meaning of duplicate words is basically the ‘ traits of pulse, the ‘symptom of illness’ or the ‘characteristics of body and mind of patients’.
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한의학 “歌賦”의 언어학적 연구 - ≪藥性歌括四百味≫를 중심으로 -
유영기 중국인문학회 2020 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.74
There are 391 natrural medicines in “Four Hundred Song Fu for Natural Medicines≪藥性歌括四百味≫" that was written for readers to memorize easily. Each medicine consists of four tables, and one table involves four letters. First table explains the character(氣) and flavor (味) of medicine. There are four types of explanation in first table; character(205), flavor(90), character and flavor(80), non-character or flavor(18). Following three tables are divided into two types; with predicate, without predicate. With predecates are 305, 212, and 357 respectively. The reason why the number of fourth table with predicate is larger than that of second, third tables is that the fourth is the last one, and author wants to finish each sonnet with explicit descriptions. The grammar constructions of three tables are diverse, among them predicate+object+predicate+object is the largest type, 344 out of 1173 altogether (approximately 29%). The grammatical analysis of Sonf Fu can help readers to learn traditional medicine with effect.
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유영기 중국인문학회 2011 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.49
There are 24 duplicate words in “JinGuiYaoLüe”(≪金匱要略≫), and they are respectively, “AnAn(暗暗), JiuJiu(啾啾), ZhenZhen(振振), JinJin(几几), WeiWei(微微), SaSa(灑灑), MoMo(默默), BanBan(斑斑), YunYun(溫溫), PiPi(辟辟), YinYin(隱隱), ShiShi(時時), JiuJiu(久久), SeSe(嗇嗇), XiXi(翕翕), RunRun(瞤瞤), JieJie(潔潔), NieNie(聶聶), KuiKui(憒憒), JianJian(漸漸), XuXu(徐徐), JiangJiang(漐漐), LiLi(瀝瀝), XianXian(弦弦)”. Among them, five of AnAn(暗暗), JiuJiu(啾啾), BanBan(斑斑), YinYin(隱隱), JianJian(漸漸) were firstly used in “JinGuiYaoLüe”. Some duplicate words can be followed by ending “Ran(然)” such as AnAnRan(暗暗然), JiuJiuRan(啾啾然), JinJinRan(几几然), SaSaRan(灑灑然), KuiKuiRan(憒憒然). Duplicate words have the role of subject as LiLi(瀝瀝), adverbial modifier as AnAnRan(暗暗然), JiuJiuRan(啾啾然), ZhenZhen(振振), WeiWei(微微), SaSaRan(灑灑然), JinJinRan(几几然), MoMo(黙黙), YunYun(溫溫), PiPi(辟辟), YinYin(隱隱), ShiShi(時時), JiuJiu(久久), SeSe(嗇嗇), XiXi(翕翕), RunRun(瞤瞤), NieNie(聶聶), KuiKiuRan(憒憒然), JianJian(漸漸), XuXu(徐徐), LiLi(瀝瀝), XianXian(弦弦), predicate like ZhenZhen(振振), MoMo(黙黙), JinJinRan(几几然), BanBan(斑斑), RunRun(瞤瞤), JieJie(潔潔), NieNie(聶聶), JiangJiang(漐漐), complement such as ZhenZhen(振振), BanBan(斑斑). The meaning of duplicate words is basically ‘symptom of illness’.
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유영기 중국인문학회 2016 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.62
There are 52 duplicate words in “HuangDiNeiJingSuWen"『黃帝內經素問』), and among them, 冥冥 appeares 10 times, 灑灑, 6 times, 渾渾, 累累 are respectively 4 times, 瞿瞿, 閔閔, 綿綿, 惕惕, 喘喘, 辟辟, 忽忽, 慍慍. 循循, 員員, 熇熇 are twice each, and 潰潰, 汨汨, 兇兇, 泛泛, 厭厭, 聶聶, 招招, 責責, 蠕蠕, 徐徐, 䀮䀮, 烏烏, 稷稷, 溶溶, 淡淡, 澹澹, 漉漉, 暍暍, 蒼蒼, 眴眴, 濯濯, 介介, 陰陰, 時時, 默默, 漯漯, 几几, 泝泝, 焞焞, 膨膨, 嘻嘻, 惋惋, 窈窈, 昭昭, 借借, 悒悒, [雩+重][雩+重], all of them are used only once. Duplicate words have the role of subject as 潰潰, 汨汨, 瞿瞿, 累累, 喘喘, 厭厭, 聶聶, 辟辟. Some are predicates like 兇兇, 惕惕, 泛泛, 累累, 招招, 辟辟, 慍慍. 責責, 蠕蠕, 徐徐, 䀮䀮, 循循, 溶溶, 員員, 淡淡, 熇熇, 暍暍, 蒼蒼, 眴眴, 濯濯, 介介, 几几, 焞焞, 膨膨, 嘻嘻, 惋惋, 窈窈, 借借, 悒悒, [雩+重][雩+重]. There are objects such as 冥冥, 烏烏, 稷稷, 昭昭. There are attributives like 閔閔, 熇熇, 漉漉,; adverbial modifiers as 綿綿, 渾渾, 灑灑, 忽忽, 澹澹, 陰陰, 時時, 默默, 漯漯, 泝泝 The meaning of duplicate words is basically the ‘shape of pulse’ or the ‘symptom of illness’.
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