보험약관의 교부ㆍ설명의무

송호신(Song Ho-Shin) 한국법학회 2010 법학연구 Vol.37 No.-

2008년 상법 개정안 제638조의3에는 보험약관의 교부ㆍ설명의무에 대한 내용이 포함되어 있다. 보험자는 보험계약을 체결할 때에 보험계약자에게 보험약관을 교부하고 그 중요한 내용을 설명하여야 할 의무가 있다. 보험계약은 보험약관을 사용하여 체결되며, 동 약관의 내용에 따라 보험계약자가 구속을 받게 된다. 그런데 내용을 알지 못하는 보험약관에 구속되는 일은 매우 부당하므로 보험자에게 보험약관의 교부ㆍ설명의무을 부과한 것이다. 현행 상법 제638조의3의 표제에는 이를 보험약관의 명시ㆍ교부의무라고 하는데, 그 의미에 혼란이 있다. 2008년 상법 개정안에서는 이를 보험약관의 교부ㆍ설명의무로 변경하여 정하고 있다. 특히 보험자의 설명의무를 구체적으로 명시하도록 함으로써 보험계약자 보호를 더욱 강화하였다는 데에 큰 의미가 있다. 보험자의 교부ㆍ설명의무 위반에 대한 효과에 대해서는 그 동안 학설과 판례의 다툼이 심하였는데, 2008년 상법 개정안에서도 이를 확정하지 못하고 있다. 즉 현행 상법과 마찬가지로 ‘… 취소할 수 있다’라고 하여 종래 약관규제법 제3조와의 관계에서 발생하였던 논쟁이 그대로 재현될 소지가 다분하다. 또한 상법 제638조의3 제2항에 정해져 있는 보험약관의 명시ㆍ교부의무 위반에 대한 보험계약자의 취소권 행사의 기산점과 기간에 대한 규정에 타당성 여부에 대해 비판이 있어 왔다. 2008년 상법 개정안에서 기산점을 ‘보험계약이 성립한 날’에서 ‘보험증권을 받은 날’로 구체화하였고, 취소권 행사기간을 ‘1월내’에서 ‘3개월 이내’로 연장하였다. When contracting an insurance contract, the insurer deliver an insurance clauses to the insured and must explain the contents which is the importance. We called it the duty of delivery and explanation of insurance clauses in a insurance contract. The title of current Commercial Act §638-3 indicates the duty to specify and deliver of the insurance clauses. So it is very confusedly. In 2008 revised bill of Commercial Act 2008, the title is changed that the duty to deliver and explain of the insurance clauses. It strengthened the insured protection. There is meaning which is big. The duty of the deliver of the insurance clauses is forced, it could not be exempted in any case. But the explanation duty of the insurance clauses is the duty must explain the contents which is important. Therefore, if it does not explain, it is have no objection, such as the contents which is general and common. the contents it will be able to forecast, the fact which is provided in law and so on. When violating a duty, the effect with current commercial law is same. Namely, the insured will be able to cancel an insurance contract within the duration of a cancellation. But when it does not exercise a right of cancellation, becomes the problem. Some scholars assert the application of Commercial Act §638-3. The Supreme Court and other scholars insist on the application of regulation of Standardized Contracts Act §3. It approves to latter and proposed with commercial law §683-3(2) the provision which it attaches. It is a '… When it does not cancel the insurance contract within the duration of a cancellation, to adapt the application of regulation of Standardized Contracts Act §3'. And During that time, there was criticism to about propriety of the starting point of reckoning and the duration. Currently the reckoning point is being day when 'insurance contracts are established'. It will be able to interpret 'at the time of the subscription' or 'at the time of the consent'. If accurately cannot know the contents of insurance clauses, period of exclusion is advanced, it is unjust. Then, revised bill of Commercial Act 2008 enact the day when it receives 'insurance policy' tight with reckoning point of duration. But it extends the duration of a cancellation within 3 months from within 1 month. There is a necessity must be prudent. It does not extend instead of, according to policy term of the insurance goods it does to do uniformly different.

전자식 해상적하보험증권에 대한 법이론의 검토

송호신(Song, Ho-Shin) 한국재산법학회 2011 재산법연구 Vol.28 No.1

전자식 해상적하보험증권은 전자통신 기술의 발전에 따라 국제무역에서 컴퓨터와 EDI 그리고 E-mail 등 인터넷을 이용한 전자상거래가 출현하였고, 그로 인해 전자무역이 확대되었음을 그 배경으로 들 수 있다. 해상운송에서 국제무역의 전자화와 관련된 주요 3대 업무는 운송과 금융 및 보험의 세가지 분야로 나누어 볼 수 있는데, 운송과 금융과 관련된 전자화와 함께 보험분야에서 전자식 보험계약에 따라 발행되는 보험증권이다. 전자무역에는 화물을 운송하는 중에 발생할지도 모르는 위험에 따르는 손해를 대비하기 위한 보험업무를 필요로 하는데, 손해보험사 등은 전자식 해상적하보험증권을 발행함으로써 보험업무를 전자화하고 있다. 전자식 해상적하보험증권은 해상운송에서 적하보험계약의 내용을 전자적으로 기록하고, 보험자가 전자서명하여 보험계약자에게 전자식으로 교부함으로써 성립하는 보험증권이라고 정의할 수 있다. 즉 보험회사는 보험계약이 성립된 때 혹은 보험계약의 성립 이후에 보험계약자의 청약내용을 확인하는 등 청약서를 심사하고 보험요율을 적용한 후에, 전자식 해상적하보험증권을 발급하여 전자서명을 한 다음 EDI로 전자증권 발급통지서를 보험전산망을 통하여 무역망으로 송신한다. 무역망에서는 해당 보험사의 메일박스에 저장하여 수신처를 확인하고, 해상적하보험증권을 보험계약자에게 송신함으로써 발급한다. 전자식 해상적하보험증권은 종이 해상적하보험증권의 성질과 마찬가지로 요식증권성 · 면책증권성 · 증거증권성 · 상환증권성 · 유인증권성 · 유가증권성 등의 성질을 갖는다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 따라 종래 종이식 해상적하보험증권이 갖는 법적 지위를 인정할 수 있다고 본다. 종이식 해상적하보험증권의 경우와 마찬자기로 전자식 해상적하보험증권의 발행은 전자식 해상적하보험계약의 성립요건은 아니다. 또한 전자식 해상적하보험증권은 그 증거성이 인정되고, 보험증권의 문서성이 인정되어 원본서류와 같이 취급된다고 볼 때에 그 양도성도 인정된다고 보아야 한다. 다만 전자식 배서를 통하여 보험계약상의 권리가 이전되는 효력이 발생하는지와 자격수여적 효력을 인정할 것인지에 대해 명문의 규정이 없다. 우리나라는 그 동안 IT분야의 발전과 전자화에 적응할 수 있도록 여러 분야 법제도의 개편과 정비를 진행하여 왔다. 즉 2007년 상법 개정시에 상법 제862조 전자선하증권과 제863조 해상화물운송장의 발행이 신설되면서 운송서류의 전자화 입법이 단행되었다. 그러나 보험증권의 전자화 부분에서 대해서는 2008년 상법 보험편 개정안에서도 침묵하고 있다. 전자식 해상적하보험증권에 대해서도 유사한 전자화 입법이 필요하다고 본다. 그 위치는 상법 제4편 보험편 제2장 손해보험 제4절 해상보험 제695조 해상보험증권」의 규정 내에 전자화에 대한 명시적 근거 조항을 신설하는 것이 가능하다. Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy is related on the issue of the electronic securities to the insurance contract. In the era of Electronic Trade, the axis of the three kinds of electronic trading are maritime document, electronic funds transfer, and insurance. In 2007, to support this, revised to Commercial Act, that regulated on the electronic bill of lading provisions under the article 863, and the electronic sea waybill provisions under the article 864(1). However, for Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy was no legislative provision. Then, has not yet received legal support. Therefore, using EDI Marine Cargo Insurance Policy if the contract was signed that applies to general insurance contract law regulations of Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy that can be applied as a matter may be. Explicit regulations on Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy is necessary to prepare. And it is need to contain needs to the Validity of electronic insurance contract,the evidence and authentication, and marine cargo insurance policy and more specific regulations on the transfer of responsibilities and so on. Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy in the nature of the securities that can be granted only through legislation is effective. Electronic Marine Cargo Insurance Policy in the maritime transport policy to replace the paper one of the electronic document has been our strong belief that, to the opposite opinion about the legal effect is almost difficult to find. Nextly, understanding the coordination and agreement of the parties to ensure the fairness of the system to decide the law as a mandatory provision for the maintenance of support should be required by law. Such as maritime transport documents can be regarded as similar legislation. However, the provision is located, in the 「Commercial Code Part 4(Insurance Contract) Chapter 2(liability insurance Marine) Section 4(Insurance Policy Marine Insurance) article 695」 will be regarded as desirable.

해상화물운송장에 대한 법적고찰

송호신(Song Ho-Shin) 한국재산법학회 2007 재산법연구 Vol.23 No.3

  For many years, the Bill of Lading has been used to shipping documents supported by legal systems, maritime laws and customs of commercial law practice. According to developing carriage of goods by sea, the ship arrived the port of destination before reached transport documents to consignee. We called it the matter on the Bill of Lading Crisis or the Fast Ships Problem. One side, the consignee had a long wait for documents, which to obtain delivery of cargo. The other side, the sea carrier was in trouble with the risk of compensation for damages, because he did not exchange for shipping document.<BR>  Therefore, Sea Waybill will be proposed an alternative method which has the use of solving this matter. Nowadays, frequently, the carrier has increased issuing Sea Waybill as a transport documents, because it is a non-negotiable document and the consignee does not need to present and interchange to carrier for delivery of goods. That is a point of the solving the problem which the Bill of Lading Crisis.<BR>  This article is made up of eight chapter. The second chapter is background of Sea Waybill, which of the utility and usefulness. And deal with International Convention as Hague Rules 1924, Hamburg Rules 1992, CMI Uniform Rules for Sea Waybill 1990 and so on. The third chapter is debate on the enactment proposal of Sea Waybill include a revised bill of Commercial Law 2006. Discussing the object of the legislation, structure and contents. The fourth chapter is defined about the Sea Waybill. Look around term and character of the Sea Waybill. The fifth chapter is argue on the issue of Sea Waybill. Account for issuer and condition of issue, mentioned items. Add to explain about issue of the Electronic Sea Waybill. The sixth chapter is treat of the legal effect of Sea Waybill. Watching for effects of description of the Good, responsibilities of the carrier and delivery of the goods, Right of Control, a party capacity of conginee and so forth. The seventh chapter is explain to relation with Sea Waybill to a Letter of Credit. Finally suggesting, it is important that Sea Waybill is applied to International Convention and enactment of the revision of the Commercial Law.

중소기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)에 대한 입법적 구현

송호신(Song, Ho-Shin) 한국재산법학회 2012 재산법연구 Vol.28 No.4

최근 CSR은 전세계적인 이슈가 되고 있으며, 법적인 문제로 적극 다루어지게 되었다. 우리나라에서도 정부와 학계를 중심으로 CSR의 법제화에 대한 논의가 수면 위로 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 이러한 논의는 주로 대기업을 중심으로 전개되었다. 특히 2004년 전경련이 100인의 CEO에게 시행한 조사에 따르면 응답자의 80%가 CSR이 기업경쟁력 제고의 핵심요소 가운데 하나라고 답할 만큼 대기업들은 자율적 참여의 방향으로 나아가고 있다. 반면에 대다수 중소기업들은 CSR에 대한 인식이 매우 부족하며 CSR 추진에 대해서도 소극적이고 부정적이다. 그렇지만 2005년 화성소재 D공장의 타이 여성노동자들의 다발성 신경장애 발병 방치 사건이나 해외진출 한국기업의 임금착취와 감금노동 등 착취공장(sweatshop) 사례가 발생하면서 우리나라 중소기업들 역시 CSR을 요구받게 되었다. 2010년 11월에 국제표준화기구(International Organization for Standardization : ISO)는「ISO 26000(SR: Social Responsibility)」이라는 CSR 국제표준을 발표하였는데, 이에 따라 CSR 문제는 국제입찰이나 계약상의 무역장벽과 연계될 것이 예상되어 우리나라 중소기업들에게 발등의 불로 다가올 전망이다. 중소기업청은 2008년 8월에 ‘중소기업 사회적 책임경영 전략방안’을 마련하여 중소기업의 CSR 인식확산과 인프라 구축 지원사업 등을 추진하고 있다. 2010년 12월 29일「중소기업의 CSR 법제」를 마련하고자 홍일표 의원 등 12인은 국회 지식경제위원회에「중소기업진흥에 관한 법률 일부개정법률안」(의안번호 1810422)을 발의하였다. 또한 2011년 6월 30일「중소기업기본법 일부개정법률안」(의안번호 1812469)이 국회에서 상정ㆍ가결되었으며, 동년 7월 15일 정부에 이송되어, 동월 25일 공포되었다. 동 법은 중소기업 CSR에 대한 최초의 입법이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 ‘… 기업의 사회적 책임 …’이라는 용어를 사용하지만 그 내용이 무엇인지에 대해 규정하고 있지 아니하기 때문에 중소기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 근거를 삼기에는 한계가 있다. 현재 국회 지식경제위원회 에 계류 중인「중소기업진흥에 관한 법률 일부개정법률안」의 입법이 이루어질 때에 중소기업 CSR법제의 의미가 살아날 수 있다. 동 법률안에는 “사회적 책임경영”의 개념을 정의하면서 사회적 책임경영에 대한 중소기업의 노력과 국가ㆍ지방자치단체의 지원, 그리고 사회적 책임경영활동 중소기업 육성기본계획의 수립ㆍ시행과 사회적 책임경영 지원센터의 지정에 대한 규정을 신설하고 있다. 인증제도의 도입에 신중을 기해야 하는데, 그 이유는 국제표준화기구(ISO)와 국제사회가 사회적 책임에 대한 인증을 반대한 때문이다. 그러나 인증제도 대신에 중소기업이 사회적으로 책임을 이행하는데 필요한 실천지(Guidance)만으로 그 방향을 잡아가야 할 것에는 한계가 있다고 사료된다. 또한 향후 국가인증의 가능성은 남아 있다고 할 것이다. 이와 함께 대기업이나 다국적기업의 요구에 의한 공급사슬(Supply Chain)의 활성화 및 CSR 추진 중소기업에 대한 판매와 경영 및 조세 등의 지원 제도 등이 마련되어야 할 것이다. Developed countries including the United States, Germany already since 1930 began a discussion on CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility). For decades, the discussion of the pros and cons that have been made active. In recent years, significant problems in foreign countries as CSR is seen as positive, and legal issues in our country has emerged as one. In 1990, Nike and GAP turned out to be unethical corporate management, worldwide boycott took place. Texaco Inc. as the disclosure of the tape on the racist conversation suffered imposed fines of $ 176,000,000. Especially the U.S. in 2002, Enron's and WorldCom's accounting scandals, the law was enacted due to the Sabanes-Oxley Act. The global trend since the company's contribution as a member of the civil service and beyond the practice of CSR, including environmental and social performance and the legal level of assessment is being developed to increase the levels. In contrast, a hostile atmosphere in the country and the corporate social conflict deepened, and social integration of this resolution as a way to elicit discussion on CSR has been materialized. However, these discussions took place mainly focused on large companies, small and medium-sized enterprises in the CSR discussion was negligible. Located on Hwaseong, women from Thailand who was working for D factory workers was onset of multiple neurological disorders. But companies were left to their. Among foreign companies operating in Korea, and the exploitation of wage labor to the confinement, there are cases. Therefore CSR for small and medium-sized enterprises in Korea and has become an opportunity to be asked. And on November 2010, the International Organization for Standardization is presented to international standards. It was called ｢ISO 26000｣. Accordingly, CSR on the international tenders or contracts in connection with trade barriers is expected to get stronger. Majority of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in promoting CSR is a very passive. And Even perception of CSR is not enough. However, the economic status of the account when considering Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, if there is a proliferation of CSR, it is thought to be impossible to realize. The CSR for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in order to effect major changes in corporate laws of the movement should take place. A direction that the legislation of CSR is regulated. To this end, the Commercial Code and the Act on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises is to establish general provisions for the CSR. Also, if you are using the internal control system can achieve the effectiveness of CSR. Another way to promote CSR in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, assist and support are provided in the legislation. Support for the legislation has to do with the social responsible investment(SRI) and Donations accepted for such as a political contributions. And the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to promote CSR management support and funding for the national and public lands leased and the various tax reductions, and is supported through social insurance. Currently, CSR policies and legislation of the legislative is in its early stages. The purpose of pursue the protection of corporate profit and the interests of the entire community is responsible for corporate purposes is the question of whether and how to reconcile.

주택저당증권(MBS)의 현실과 MBS법제의 개선

송호신(Song, Ho-Shin) 한양법학회 2018 漢陽法學 Vol.29 No.1

Housing and other real estate problems are the most difficult problems for any government. This is because, when the housing market falls, or when overheats, both of them because a great social side effect. Since 2016, Apartment Prices have risen, especially in the reconstruction market in Gangnam, and this phenomenon has become a crisis that will spread all over Seoul. The new government, which entered the summer of 2017, started with the 6.19 measures and the 8.2 measures poured almost all of the policies related to real estate regulation. But, It is doubtful whether the current government`s policies will be effective even though the policy reasons are reasonable. Rather, I am afraid that it will only bring back the adverse effect of causing barriers to housing transactions and even cutting off the funding sources of ordinary people who want to buy a house. Through the loans and long-term and low-interest mortgage loans, the purchase of the house to pay for a lifetime is effective. In order to do this, it is essential to form financial capital that will enable long-term housing loans. MBS is a financing-based housing financing product that enables a long-term and stable supply of housing funds by expanding the financial base. Through the securitization of home mortgage bonds or related rights - that is, the combination of housing assets and securities, or the securitization of rights related to housing - to increase the financing of housing finance. In recent years, the MBS has been in a slump, rather than a social demand and potential demand for real estate finance capital. And the attention should be paid to the function of the MBS, and at the same time improvement of the MBS related laws in the housing and real estate transaction market should be made. In order to expand and revitalize MBS supply in Korea, it is necessary to improve the conditions of home mortgage bonds which become MBS basic assets. First, there should be a legal framework to increase the demand for long-term, low-interest fixed-rate installment. If MBS investors increase their investment limits on MBS and MBB, they can increase investment demand of MBS. In addition, deduction of the income tax for the year on the interest repayment of the long-term home mortgage loan can also improve the conditions of the home mortgage bond. In addition, housing that is subject to securitization should be expanded. Next, the issuer of MBS is Korea Housing Finance Corporation, but the private MBS conditions by private capital should be prepared and the subject of issuance diversified. To this end, it is necessary to re-establish the “Housing Mortgage Securitization Securitization Company Act” abolished in 2015. Types of MBS include MPTS, MBB, MPTB, and CMO. The structure and system of these MBS types need to be improved. Risk of early forward exchange risk (risk of repayment before maturity) and risk of default and interest rate risk.is occurred. For example, you might consider redesigning the borrower to impose a penalty or a modest redemption fee. In addition, the price evaluation system should be improved to secure the reliability of the price evaluation of MBS, and monitoring of mortgage loans and risk management should be strengthened.

유럽연합의 실체와 EU구성의 법리

송호신 ( Ho Shin Song ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2010 法學硏究 Vol.18 No.2

주식회사 대표이사의 권한과 책임

송호신(Song Ho Shin),고재종(토론자) 한양법학회 2008 漢陽法學 Vol.22 No.-

Ten years ago, Korea was received a relief loan from IMF(International Monetary Fund). At that point in time, a great many corporations went into bankruptcy, a large number of laborer got out of his job, a creditor was lost his obligatory right. Causes of finance and foreign exchange crisis were various. One of the hiding crisis cause was the premodern structure of control and management in the corporation limited by shares. And then pursuing the issue of a liability against to the chief of the corporation came up to the surface. In the view of the present Korean Commercial Act, representative director is a chief of the corporation limited by shares. He is located in the centre of the legal liability of the corporation. After finance and foreign exchange crisis, in 1997, Korean Commercial Act was amended three times, specially, in association with reconstruction of the corporation, December 29. 1998, December 31. 1999 and July 24. 2001. And now prepared the bill of amended Commercial Act 2006 is concerned in the type of the corporation according to the capital scale. Consist of the corporation limited by share will be (1) under five hundred million won, number of director is one, (2) under five hundred million won, number of director is two, (3) above five hundred million won, number of director is more than 3, (4) set up the executive officer, none representative director. In spite of changing the legal system, representative director take his place on the top of the enterprise. True to form, it is occurred to the social pathology of a disease because of his hog the whole show in the corporation. Therefore, it must shed light on the legal powers and liabilities of representative directors in the corporation limited by shares.

주택저당증권(MBS)의 한계와 커버드본드(CB)의 입법방향

송호신 ( Ho Shin Song ) 한국법정책학회 2012 법과 정책연구 Vol.12 No.3

「커버드본드(Covered Bonds: CB)」는 금융기관이 보유하고 있는 주택저당채권 공공기관대출 선박대출 등과 같은 우량자산을 기초자산으로 집합(pool)하여, 이를 담보로 발행하는 일종의 담보부채권이다. 주택저당증권(Mortgage-Backed Securities: MBS)은 은행 등 금융기관이 보유하고 있는 주택저당채권을 표준화하여 특정한 조건에 따라 집합하고, 이를 기초자산으로 담보하여 발행되는 증권이다. MBS의 부동산 금융의 자금조달을 위한 긍정적인 효과에도 불구하고 주택담보대출 잔액에 비추어 그 시장이 활성화되지 못하고 있으며, 거래도 부진하여 미미한 상태이다. 이에 부동산 자금조달의 수단으로 CB의 발행이 본격적으로 논의되고 있으며, 특히 금융기관의 주택대출자금의 유동성 확보를 위한 방안으로 MBS를 대신하여 CB의 도입이 고려되고 있다. 현재 우리나라에는 유럽의 경우와 달리 CB입법이나 이를 규제할 법률이 존재하지 않는다. 이에 따라 금융구조화 설계를 이용한 「구조화CB」를 발행할 수 밖에 없으며, 실제로 2009년 5월 국민은행이 US달러 10억$ 규모의 「구조화CB」. Recently, CB on behalf of MBS are being considered. CB is being considered as an alternative to solve the MBS sluggish. However, in Korea there is no CB laws to regulate, The Statutory CB legislation is a difficult situation to issuance. Instead of using a similar design, structured finance, CB through the so-called ``structured CB`` can be issued. However, during the 2009 Kookmin Bank was issued a U.S. $ 10 billion of structured CB. And Policy Authorities as a means of support for the funding of long-term housing supply was issued a major policy direction of the CB. But As this example from Structured CB issuance of Kookmin Bank, structured CB issuance of the steps involved in the very complex securitization to investors the Dual-Recourse to making CB requires time-consuming and costly. On June 2011, was published "The Bank`s Covered Bond Issuance Best Practices" for ways to extend the repayment of fixed-rate long-term loans from the domestic mortgage lending market. Still in the practices, there is no basis of Preferential Recourse for the CB investor, and only the bank is apply to CB legislation, It is limited in scope, there is a limit, Korea should be to enact special law as a statutory CB, as European countries did. It will be chosen to a workable solution, CB Legislation should be include the following information: It must be recognized to CB investors on the Preferential Recourse Right for the covered Pooling as collateral assets. When the Insolvent to collateral assets was occuring, the CB investor should be granted to dual recourse claim on CB issuing company. And it must be contain to the eligibility and the requirements of issuing company, such as the issuing agency responsibilities and obligations, The Statutory CB should be contain on the issued requirements and registration, such as the issued limits, issue currencies, interest rates issued, issued registration and so on. In addition, The CB legislation should be contain on the contents on the Maintenance of collateral assets and management, the bankruptcy of the issuing company, risk, Disclosure etc.

클라우드 컴퓨팅의 활성화에 따른 법제 정비 방안

송호신(Song, Ho-Shin) 한양법학회 2014 漢陽法學 Vol.25 No.4

Recently, “cloud computing” has established itself as a new model in the IT industry, and as a new concept whereby companies can freely utilize the third infrastructure as if it were their own infrastructure, instead of developing and using their own proprietary system with their infrastructure. However, users are very concerned about unforeseen service interruptions or malfunctions as the data is saved and managed by the service operated by the cloud service provider. Also, there is concern about dependency due to leaks of confidential information (as the data is saved outside) and insufficient compatibility among cloud systems. In particular, if the user is an enterprise, and the service is stopped abruptly or the service provider goes bankrupt, the damage to the business could be enormous. Therefore, it is important that preparatory measures against such risks be taken to promote cloud computing. This paper reviews the method of protecting users against the cloud computing service provider’s bankruptcy and system malfunction, and resolved concerns about the risk of security and information leakage.

파생상품의 위험성과 규제에 관한 자본시장법의 재정비

송호신 ( Ho Shin Song ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

파생상품 거래에 기본이 되는 규제 법률은 「자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률」이다. 자본시장법은 2007년 7월 3일 자본시장의 금융혁신과 경쟁을 촉진하여 우리나라의 자본시장을 동북아시아 금융시장의 중심으로 세우고, 경쟁력 있는 세계적 투자은행(Invest Bank)을 출현시킬 목적으로 제정되었다. 자본시장법은 선도 · 옵션 · 스왑과 같은 파생상품(derivatives)의 개념을 체계화하였고 파생상품의 기초자산의 범위를 확대하였다. 또한 종래 구「증권거래법」 · 구「선물거래법」 · 구「간접투자자산운용업법」 · 구「신탁업법」 · 구「종합금융회사에관한법률」 등에 흩어져 있던 파생상품에 관한 규정들을 통합하였다. 파생상품의 종류를 각종 법령들에 제한적으로 열거하였던 것을 포괄주의로 전환하며 완화함으로써, 신종 파생상품의 설계나 판매 및 중개에 제약요인으로 작용하였던 한계를 극복하고자 하였다. 그런데 2008년부터 미국발 금융위기가 전세계를 강타하게 되었고, 우리나라 역시 그 파고를 피해갈 수 없었다. 「서브프라임모기지론(subprime mortgage loan)」이라는 부동산 담보대출과 관련된 파생상품들로 인하여 시작된 동 위기는 파생상품의 위험성을 경각시키게 하는 계기가 되었고, 우리나라 역시 환헤지 장외파생상품인 「KIKO」로 인해 기업이 대량도산 위기를 초래하는 파생상품의 위험성을 실감할 수 있었다. 금융파생상품이 경제위기와 기업파산으로 이끄는 위험성을 내포하고 있다는 사실은 아무도 아무도 고려하지 못하는 사이에 우리나라는 파생상품에 대한 규제와 빗장을 풀어버린 상태가 되어버렸다. 그 사이에 미국에서는 「도드-프랭크법」이 통과되었고, 유럽 역시 강력한 금융규제법을 제정함으로써 2007년 제정된 자본시장법을 그대로 적용해야 할 것인가를 놓고 논란이 일어나게 되었다. 이제 자본시장법은 파생상품의 자율을 확대하면서 동시에 규제를 강화해야 하는 모순에 직면해 있다. 빅뱅은 필요하지만 그렇다고 규제완화가 파생상품의 위험을 조장해서는 아니 된다. 이러한 모순을 어떻게 풀어나갈 것인지가 자본시장법의 재정비와 관련된 과제로 남게 되었다. 파생상품의 위험성과 그에 따른 규제와 관련하여 아래와 같은 자본시장법의 재조정을 모색하여야 할 젓이다. ① 자본시장법의 규제에서 제외되었던 은행법과 보험법 및 서민관련 금융법 분야 그리고 실질적인 금융법률인 여신전문금융업법·부동산투자회사법·선박투자회사법·중소기업창업지원법·사회기반시설에대한민간투자법 등에 대한 정비와 조정이 필요하다. 파생상품이 이들 법률을 기반으로 설계된다면 실질적으로 자본시장법을 통한 규제일원화는 달성될 수 없을 것이기 때문이다. ② 파생상품의 포괄적 개념화에도 불구하고 그 개념을 명확히 할 필요가 있으며, 기초자산의 확대에 따라 유발될 수 있는 규제범위의 혼동과 충돌, 업종간 업무영역의 충돌, 재정건전성 등의 문제에 대한 법적 보완과 감독제도의 정비가 요청된다. ③ 자본시장통합법에서 배제된 은행법이나 보험법과의 관계에서 규제 형평성을 도모해야 하며, 이의 해결을 위해서는 은행법과 보험법을 포함한 보다 완전한 형태의 금융법의 정비가 수반되어야 할 것이다. 또한 ④ 금융투자회사의 겸영과 업무범위의 확대와 관련하여 은행·보험·증권 등 각 업종간에 전업체계의 기본 틀을 유지하면서, 자본 시장법상의 기능별 규제와 연계할 수 있도록 하는 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 예컨대 핵심업무 사이의 겸영은 원칙적으로 제한하여 업종간 장벽을 유지하되, 부수업무인 여신업·보험중개대리·자산운용·투자일임·투자자문·자산의 보관관리 등에 대해서는 겸영을 확대하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. Capital Market Act that regulate the derivatives trading were integrated with systematizing the concept of derivatives about the scope of the underlying assets, the existing "Securities Act" and the "Futures Trading" and the "Indirect Investment Asset" and the "Trust Business Act" and the "Foreign Exchange Law" and so scattered about the regulations on derivatives. Accordingly, the existing regulations on financial products in a positive regulation by switching a negative regulation were overcome a New design and sales of derivative works, and intermediaries constrained by the limitations, However, a capital markets law enforcement to be 4 days before the February 2009, since 2008, world had been hit the subprime mortgages that are real estate mortgage loans and related derivatives due to the global financial crisis. Korea also could not have escaped the tide of financial crisis, and KIKO that is derivatives of hedge, due to the mass of the crisis was faced with bankruptcy. In the face of this financial crisis, each state focuses on the strengthening of financial regulation has been actively promoted the legislation. especially in the United States was passed the "Dodd - Frank Act" that is assessed as the most powerful financial control law since the Great Depression. Currently, depending on the response of capital markets in these countries, Capital Market Act of Korea is facing the contradiction that the regulation must be strengthened with expanding self-regulation. How these contradictions will find the solution about derivatives is remain issues of Capital Market Act. Thus, this paper is finding solution in below such a law on the issue of Capital Market Act regulation and a judicial solution to a problem. Firstly, the Bank Act and Insurance Act and the field of financial law related to the common people were not to be unified in the current capital market system regulation. In addition, discipline systems are still confined because it is not included integration of the Fincial Act Credit Financial Business Act, Real Estate Investment Company Act Ship Investment Company Act, Small Business Establishment Act. Derivatives based on these Acts designed to govern as if the unification of intent of Capital Market Act is doubtful whether there can be achieved. especially, derivatives are traded in various financial industries such as banks, insurance and securities, but it can be caused problems that can be said the dual regulation of Capital Markets Act and Bank Act because trading derivatives is ``collateral business dimension" at the Bank Act. Secondly, regulatory supplements that can be triggered as the expansion of regulatory scope and conflict, a conflict of each section of business areas, such as financial soundness, and continuous supervision of the authorities are required. it is because comprehensive conceptualization of derivatives based on underlying assets ex post and the expansion into a comprehensive regulatory system. Thirdly, functional regulation only apply financial investment business but it has limits that still can not be applied to other areas. Derivatives transactions performed by a bank or insurance company were more likely to be applied, as being changed conventional financial institutions, each equal to one another to perform a regulatory system in place that limited financial investment company with a leadership position. In other words equity issues of regulation still remains, because the Bank Act and Insurance Act were excluded from the Capital Market Act. Eventually it is to be resolved by enacting the act including Bank Act and Insurance Act, as if full integration of Fincial Act. Fourthly, while maintaining a system of specialist of banking, insurance, securities, etc. with respect the dual management and the expansion of business scope of financial investment company of the system, there is plan to be align Functional regulation of Capital Markets Act. in other words, in principle while maintaining barriers to limit each section of business about the dual management of each core business, it is to be considered that it is dual management about the secondary task that is a loan and insurance brokerage agency, asset management, discretionary investment, investment advisory, asset management.