지속가능한 순환경제실현 및 폐기물 감량을 위한 인천시 재활용가능자원의 고부가가치화 방안

송연민 ( Yun Min Song ),석종혁 ( Jong Hyuk Seok ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.38 No.1

The purpose of this study is to figure out the waste production and characteristics of Incheon Metropolitan City (IMC) for a sustainable cyclic economy and waste reduction, and thus propose a policy direction for recyclable resources as high value-added wastes. In 2017 in IMC, the production and emission unit of domestic (domestic and business) wastes were 2,290 tons/day and 0.76 kg/cap.-day, respectively. Comparing the recycling of domestic wastes in 2017 vs. in 2012, papers (18.8%→36.0%) and plastics (19.9%→11.6) increased, while glass bottles (13.8%→10.0%) and synthetic resins (19.9%→17.3%) decreased. At the time of this study, the number of industry sectors in IMC were 6,308 in the metal processing field, 955 in wood processing, and 1,091 in clothing and textile, for the production and utilization of up-cyclable waste materials. Based on the research data, supply and demand forecasting in related industries is required for the establishment of stable and high value-added recyclable materials. Subsequently, it is necessary for the recycling markets to revitalize the establishment of pretreatment facilities for upcyclable materials, material classification and development, and material banks.

여과-투과 방법의 이론적, 실험적 응용에 대한 연구

송연민(Yun Min Song),임성삼(Sung Sam Yim) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구에서는 새로운 여과-투과(filtration-permeation) 실험 방법을 사용하여 여과실험에 영향을 미치는 인자 중 침전에 대한 영향을 입자현탁액과 플럭현탁액에 대해 각각 수행하였다. 그 결과 여과실험으로는 정확한 평균 비저항값을 예측할 수 없었으나, 투과실험으로 정확한 평균 비저항값을 측정할 수 있었다. 투과기간을 연장하였을 때 입자현탁액에서 형성된 케이크에서는 투과속도에 별다른 영향이 없었으나 플럭현탁액의 경우는 응집제의 쓸려나감 현상을 보였다. 또한 여과-투과 실험을 사용하여 투과시에 단계적으로 압력을 증가시킴으로써 단 한번의 실험에 의해 케이크의 압축성이 측정되어 질 수 있음을 보였으며, 이 방법을 응용하여 평균 비저항값이 큰 활성슬러지의 긴 여과시간을 짧게 줄여 측정하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. Using an experimental method named filtration-permeation, the influence of sedimentation during filtration was studied for the suspensions composed of particles and that of flocs. The average specific cake resistances measured by filtration do not give accurate values because of the sedimentations during filtration, but the permeation data give quite accurate values. The prolonged permeation rates for the cake formed from particulate suspension do not change, but that rate from the floc filtration changes by the sweeping of flocculant. It is proposed that the cake compressibility can be measured with one set of filtration-permeation experiment by step increase of pressure during permeation period. The another experimental method which can shorten experimental time for floc filtration using filtration- permeation is also proposed.

난분해성 PVB 수지 제조공정 폐수의 화학적-생물학적 연계처리방안

송연민(Yun-Min Song),전세진(Se-Jin Jun) 한국환경관리학회 2016 環境管理學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 화학응집, 펜톤산화, 활성슬러지공정을 적용하여 PVB(Polyvinyl butyral) 수지 제조 공정에서 발생하는 폐수처리의 최적화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 폐수의 특성을 조사한 결과 n-Buthyl acetate(n-BA) 800 mg/L, NaCl 1.08%, CODMn 393 mg/L, 그리고 CODCr 1,363 mg/L로 분석되었다. 응집제로 철염(FeSO₄ ․ 7H₂O)과 Alum(Al₂(SO₄)₃)을 사용하여 응집 처리한 결과 적정 주입량은 철염을 사용할 경우 100 mg/L, Alum을 사용할 경우 300 mg/L로 각각 나타났다. 펜톤산화 실험 결과, 처리 후 CODCr는 처리전보다 오히려 증가하였다. 이는 첨가된 과산화수소 중유기물의 산화에 사용되지 못한 잉여의 과산화수소가 반응 후에도 잔존함에 기인하기 때문으로, 펜턴산화에 의한 방법은 PVB 폐수의 유기물 제거방안으로 적절하지 않았다. 생물학적 처리법으로 활성슬러지공정을 적용한 결과 유기물질의 제거효율은 CODCr 80.3%, CODMn 95.6%, BOD 97%로 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다. 따라서 PVB 수지 제조공정에서 발생되는 폐수처리를 위해 응집침전 후 펜톤산화공정을 적용하지 않고 활성슬러지공정을 직접 적용하는 것이 경제성을 고려한 보다 효율적 방안이었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimum processes and procedure for the treatment of the wastewater generating from PVB(Polyvinyl butyral) resin manufacturing processes. Chemical coagulation, Fenton’s oxidation and activated sludge processes were independently applied. The test results on the wastewater characteristics indicated n-Buthyl 800 mg/L of acetate(n-BA), 1.08% of NaCl, 393 mg/L of CODMn, and 1,363 mg/L of CODCr in the wastewater. In the chemical coagulation treatment, a ferrous salt(FeSO₄ ․ 7H₂O) and an alum(Al₂(SO₄)₃) were used as coagulants. The optimal concentration of the ferrous salt was 100 mg/L, while the alum was 300 mg/L. In contrast to the coagulation experiment, CODCr was rather increased after the Fenton’s oxidation applied than before. This indicated that the surplus of the hydrogen peroxide used as an oxidant was remained in the treated wastewater after the reaction, and thus, the Fenton’s oxidation was not suitable for the removal of the organics in the PVB wastewater. However, when the activated sludge process was applied for the treatment of the organics in the wastewater, the removal efficiencies were CODCr 80.3%, CODMn 95.6%, BOD 97%, respectively. Therefore, More efficient and cost effective way for the treatment of the PVB wastewater was not to apply Fenton’s oxidation process, but to apply chemical coagulation and activated sludge processes in order.

케이크 여과 이론으로 분석한 중금속 용액의 정밀여과 특성

송연민 ( Yun Min Song ),조경상 ( Kyung Sang Cho ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.38 No.2

The cake filtration theory in microfiltration was analyzed through experimental results. Micro-filtration of cupric solutions was performed with and without coagulation. The pore sizes of the filter media were 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, and 0.45 μm. The average specific cake resistances were obtained under cross-flow filtration conditions by Ruth’s equation. The compressibility of the resultant cake was 1.19, verifying the micro-filtration mechanism. In addition, no significant improvement in permeate flow rates was identified with coagulants aluminum sulfate(alum), and polyaluminum chloride(PAC) compared to permeate flow rates without a coagulant.

환원성 물질 함유 폐수의 효율적 처리

송연민(Yun-Min Song) 한국환경관리학회 2019 環境管理學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 SO₂, NaHSO₃, Na₂SO₃ 등과 같은 환원성 물질 함유 폐수의 효율적 처리 방안을 제시하기 위함이다. 생물학적으로 난분해성인 환원성 물질의 제거를 위하여 공기산화, 철(Ⅱ) 촉매를 이용한 처리실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 환원성 물질은 공기에 의해서도 서서히 산화되었으며 철염을 촉매로 사용하면 반응속도가 현저히 빨라지는 것이 확인되었다. COD 10,000 mg/L인 폐수를 24시간의 철 촉매 공기 산화법으로 처리한 결과, 촉매 종류(Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>)에 관계없이 모두 약 90%의 COD 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 촉매로 사용된 철염은 반응 종료 후 2가의 용해성 철 형태이므로 그대로 펜턴 산화 반응의 촉매로 재사용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로부터 종래의 처리법과 비교하여 보다 효율적인 환원성 물질 함유 폐수의 처리방법으로 펜턴 처리와 생물학적 처리 전에 철 촉매를 이용한 공기 산화법으로 처리하는 방법을 제안할 수 있었다. The objectives of this study are to propose a efficient method for the treatment of wastewater containing reducing agents such as SO₂, NaHSO₃ and Na₂SO₃. Air oxidation, iron(Ⅱ) catalyzed air oxidation were performed to remove non-biodegradable reducing agents. Results showed that reducing agents were oxidized slowly by air only, the reaction rate was increased considerably when using iron sulfate as a catalyst. As results of 24 hours reaction by iron catalyzed air oxidation for the wastewater COD of 10,000 mg/L, about 90 percent of COD removal rate were obtained regardless of the types of catalyst(Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>). Considering the iron sulfate used as a catalyst for the reaction was the ferrous types of soluble iron(Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>) after reaction, it could be reused directly as a catalyst for the Fenton oxidation. Therefore, it could be proposed that the treatment method for the wastewater containing reducing agents by Fenton oxidation and biological treatment following iron(Ⅱ) catalyzed air oxidation is more efficient than conventional method.

케이크 여과에서 여과매체의 역할

송연민(Yun-Min Song) 한국환경관리학회 2019 環境管理學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

케이크 여과에서 여과매체의 역할을 알아보기 위해 실험실에서 일반적으로 사용되는 5가지 종류의 여과매체를 사용하였다. 여과매체에 대한 입자제거수의 투과속도 측정으로 각 여과매체의 평균공극직경을 측정한 결과 평균공극직경이 0.95 μm~3.60 μm로 측정되었다. 또한 1 wt% 탄산칼슘 현탁액을 사용하여 동일조건하에서 5가지 종류의 여과매체 공극 크기에 따른 여과 및 투과평균비저항값을 비교하였으며, 여과속도의 향상을 위한 여과매체의 조건에 대해서도 고찰을 하였다. To know the role of the filter medium in cake filtration, 5 kinds of filter media commonly used in laboratories were used. The average pore diameter of each filter medium was measured by measuring the permeation rate of the particle removal water on the filter medium. As a result, the average pore diameter was measured from 0.95 μm to 3.60 μm. The average specific resistances of 5 kinds of filter medium pore diameter were compared under the same condition using 1 wt% calcium carbonate suspension. The conditions of the filtration media for improving the filtration rate were also examined.

이산화탄소(CO₂) 가스에 의한 케이크 여과속도의 향상

임성삼,송연민,Yim, Sung Sam,Song, Yun Min 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol. No.

압축성이 큰 케이크에 의한 여과에서는 압력의 증가가 여과속도를 거의 향상시키지 못한다. 이 경우 높은 압력은 여과매체 옆의 케이크 공간률을 급격히 감소시켜 dense skin(치밀층, 緻密層)을 형성하여 이 층이 물의 통과속도를 매우 느리게 하기 때문이다. 실제로 압축성이 큰 케이크의 여과에서 여과속도를 향상시키기 위한 특별한 방법이 없었다. 본 연구에서는 여과 대상액을 여과조작 전에 $CO_2$ 가스로 포화시켜 용액에 녹아 있던 $CO_2$ 가스가 압력이 급격히 변하는 치밀층에서 기체 상태로 변화하여 치밀층 내에 작은 공간을 확보하고, 그 공간이 물길을 형성하여 여과속도를 향상시 킬 수 있는 가능성에 대해 연구하였다. For the filtration of super compactible cake, the high filtration pressure can not improve filtration rate. As the high pressure, in this case, decreases the cake porosity adjacent to filter medium and thus forms 'dense skin' which decreases the rate of liquid flow in a great extent. Actually, there was no method to improve filtration rate for the filtration with super compactible cake. We propose the saturation of $CO_2$ gas into the suspension before the filtration operation for improving the filtration rate. The dissolved $CO_2$ gas transforms itself into gas phase in the dense skin through which the pressure changes dramatically. The gas secures its space inside the dense skin, and finally forms the flow passages which improve the filtration rate.

이산화탄소(CO2) 가스에 의한 케이크 여과속도의 향상

임성삼 ( Sung Sam Yim ),송연민 ( Yun Min Song ) 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.44 No.5

여과-투과에 대한 실험적 분석: 여과매체의 종류, 여과매체의 매수, 여과압력의 영향

임성삼 ( Sung Sam Yim ),송연민 ( Yun Min Song ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2

The average specific cake resistance, the most important indicator for cake filtration and solid-liquid separation, is measured by filtration experiment. But the exact value is difficult to measure because of the other influences such as sedimentation during filtration. This study, a little more stable method named filtration-permeation is proposed for measuring average specific cake resistance. The filtration-permeation is composed of permeation of particle eliminated water through pre-formed cake by filtration. Using 1 wt% calcium carbonate suspension, the filtration-permeation experiments were performed for 8 kinds of filter media at the conditions of 0.5 atm and 0.2 atm, 1 and 3 sheets of filter media, At each specific condition, three to five times filtration-permeation were accomplished. As a result, stable permeation speed is measured. According to this experimental result, the characteristics of permeation and the effect of sedimentation are analyzed with Ruth`s equation. The one way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) is applied to the average specific cake resistances of filtration and permeation obtained with the selected three kinds of filter media. The average specific cake resistances between 0.5 atm and 0.2 atm by filtration do not distinguished, but those by permeation is perfectly distinguished. The experimental results during permeation have a very narrow distribution than that measured during filtration. The analysis of filtration experiments, it was verified that the resistance of filter medium by traditional method is of no significance. Finally, the migration of small particles through the medium composed of fiber glass at low pressure was studied.

고액분리 통합이론에서 pd의 역할: 간섭침전, 케이크 여과, 압착에서 케이크 두께를 중심으로

임성삼 ( Sung Sam Yim ),송연민 ( Yun Min Song ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2

To know the role of ``the solid compressive pressure to the first solid layer of a cake, pd`` in the ``unified theory on solid-liquid separation``, we analyzed extremely compressible cake formed with floc for the following three operations with our new concepts, First, the role of pd was studied in calculating the sediment thickness of floc, and in calculating the cake thickness in cake filtration performed with floc sediment. Second, we calculated the expression procedure using pd, Finally, the influence of pd on cake thickness in hindered sedimentation, and on the calculation of the procedure of hindered sedimentation pd was verified, Thus the possibility of application of ``unified theory on solid-liquid separation`` and the importance of pd was verified, Through these processes, new theoretical definitions of the cake filtration, expression and hindered sedimentation was established.