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19. 한국산 굴(Crassostrea gigas THUNBERG) 의 이식(移殖) 에 관한 연구(1) : 성장에 관해서
김안영,소립원의광 한국수산학회 1975 한국수산과학회지 Vol.8 No.4
굴(Crassostrea gigas THUNBERG)의 종묘(Seed oyster)는 오래 전 부터 일본에서 歐美및 기타 여러 나라에 定期的 혹은 不定期的으로 수출하여 왔다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 國內에서의 단거리 移殖시험은 행한바 있으나 아직 원거리인 다른 나라에 한국産 굴(Crassostrea gigas THUNBERG)을 이식하여 시험한 것은 볼 수가 없었다. 시험에 사용한 종묘(Seed oyster)는 1972년 5월말 우리나라 남해안 충무연안에서 전년도에 채묘 억제중인 억제종묘(Hardened seed oyster)를 일본 태평양 연안의 히로시마만 (Hiroshima Bay)에 이식하여 환경요인(環境要因)과 성장(成長)과의 관계 및 성장도 등을 조사했다. 垂下 初期인 6월초에는 10m 이심에나 垂下運(1개 수하연 부착기 10개를 부착, 부착기 간격 20㎝)을 수하하였고 표층수와 저층수의 수온이 변화하는 시기인 10월 초순에 표층으로 올려 넷독식 양식방법(Raft method)에 의해 상하 2부착기씩, 4부착기를 2개월에 한번 그 성장, 수온 및 염분등의 환경요인을 함께 조사했다. 초기 종묘의 크기는 각고 9.74㎜, 각장 7.01㎜이있고 다음해 6월에는 각고 64.28㎜, 각장 41.54㎜로 성장했다.
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담수산새우 Macrobrachium rosenbergi(de Man) 의 초기유생 및 post - larva 의 성장에 미치는 염분량에 관하여
권진수,우야관,소립원의광 한국수산학회 1977 한국수산과학회지 Vol.10 No.2
The fresh water prawn, Macrobrahium rosenbergi(de Man) is a very common species in Indo-pacific region, which inhaits both fresh and brackish water in low land area, most of rivers and especially aboundant in the lower reaches which are influenced by sea water. It is one of the largest and commercial species of genus Macrobrachium, which is commonly larger than 18~21 cm in body length, from the basis of eye-stalked to the distal of telson. As a part of the researches in order to investigate the possibilities on transplantation and propagation of this species, this work dealt with the problems on the effects of chlorinities upon zoeal larvae and post-larvae- 1). metamorphosis rate and optimum chlorinity for metamorphosis to post-larve, 2). tolerance and comparative survival rate on various chlorinties, from fresh water to sea water (19.38‰CI), which reared for six days upon each stage of zoeal larvae, 3). accomodation rate on chlonities which reared for twelve days after transmigration into variant chlorinities of the range from 3.68‰CI to 1.53‰CI in the way of rearing of the range from 3.82‰CI to 11.05‰CI upon each stage of zoea, 4). tolerance on both fo fresh and sea water upon zoeal larva and post-larva under the condition of 28℃ 1 in temprature and feeding on Arteinia salina nauplii, 5). relationship between various chlorinities and growth of post larvae under the condition of 28℃ in temperature and feeding on meat of clam. Thus these investigations were performed in order to grope for a comfortable method on seedmass production. Up to the present, the study on the effects of chlorinity upon earlier zoeal larvae and post-larvae of Macrobrachium species has been scarcely performed by workers with the exception of Lewis(1961) and Ling(1962, 1967), even so their works were not so detailed. On the other hand, larvae of several species of this genus were reared at the water which mixed sea water so as to carry out complete metamorphosis to post-larva by workers in order to investigate on earlier larval and earlier post-larval development, such as Macrobrachium lamerrei (Rajyalakshmi, 1961), M. rosenbergi and M. nipponense (Uno and Kwon, 1969; Kwon and Uno, 1969), M. acanthurus (Choudhury, 1970; Dobkin, 1971), M. carcinus (Choudhury, 1970), M. formosense (Shokita, 1970), M. olfersii (Duggei et al., 1975), M. novaehallandiae (Greenwood et al., 1976), M. japonicum (Kwon, 1974) and M. lar (Shokita, personal communication), and there-fore it is regarded that chlorinity is, generally, one of absolute factors to rear zoeal larvae of brackish species of Macrobrachium genus. Synthetic results on this work is summarized as the follwings: 1) Zoeal larvae required different chlorinities to grow according to each stage, and generally, it is regarded that optimum range of living and growing is from 7.63‰CI to 12.42‰CI, and while differences of metamorphsis rate, from first zoea to post-larva, is rarely found in this range, and however it occurs apparently in both of situation at 4.42‰CI below and 16.13‰CI above and moreover, metamorphosis rate is delayed somewhat in case of lower chlorinity as compared with high chlorinity in these situations. 2) Accomodation in each chlorinity on the range, from fresh water to sea water, is different according to larval stages and while the best of it is, generally, on the range from 8.28‰CI to 12.42‰CI and favorite cholrinity of zoea have a tendency to remove from high chlorinity to lower chlorinity in order to advance larval age throughout all zoeal stages, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage. 3) Optimum chlorinity of living and growth upon postlarvae is on the range of 4.25‰CI below, and in proportion as approach to fresh water, growth rate is increased. 4) Post-larvae are able to live better in fresh water in comparison with zoeal larvae, which are only able to live within fifteen hours, and by contraries, post-larvae are merely able to live for one day as compared with zoeal larvae, which are able to live for six days more in sea water (19.3‰CI above). 5) Also, in case of transmigration into higher and lower chlorinities in the way of rearing in the initial chlorinities (3.82‰CI, 7.14‰CI and 11.05‰CI), accomodation rate is as follow: accomodation capacity in ease of removing into higher chlorinities from lower chlorinities is increased in proportion as earlier stages, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage, and by contraries, in case of advanced stages from eighth zoea it is incraesed in proportion as approach to post-larva stage in the case of transmigration into lower chlorinity from highor chlorinity. On the other hand, it is interesting that in case of reciprocal transmigration between two different chlorinities, each survival rate is different, and in this case, also, its accomodation in each zoea stage has a tendency to vary according to larval stages as described above, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage. 6) It is likely that expension of radish pigments on body surface is directly proportional to chlorinity during the period of zoea rearing, and therefore it seems like all body surfaces of zoea larvae be radish coloured in case of higher chlorinity. 7) By the differences that each zoeal larvae, postlarvae, juvaniles and adult prawn are required different chlorinity for inhabiting in each, it is ragarded that this species migrats from up stream to near the estuary of the river which the prawns inhabits commonly in natural field for spawning and growth migration. 8) It had better maintainning chlorinities according to zoeal stage for a comfortable method on seed-mass production that earlier larva stages than eighth zoea are maintained on the range from 8‰CI to 12‰CI to rear, and later larva stages than eighth zoea, by contraies, are gradually regulated to lower chlorininity of the range from 7‰CI to 4‰CI according to advance for post-larva stage.
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