http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : 서구일 ( Kyle Koo-il Seo ) (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
Pretreatment assessment for botulinum toxin and filler injection
서구일 ( Kyle Koo-il Seo ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2
During the patient consultation, items to be evaluated can be separated into the following categories: subjective, objective, sociocultural, financial and previous history of cosmetic procedures. True ‘custom-tailored’ treatment is only possible when the treatment plan fully takes into account the results of a comprehensive evaluation covering various aspects along with an understanding of individual characteristics. Since beauty is a subjective concept, it is important to know which points a patient is primarily concerned about. Patients are usually not satisfied unless they receive the improvements they want even if their needs are met in other areas. Once you feel that you have truly grasped a patient’s needs, you should evaluate their expected results in the next step. If the expectation level is too high, it will be extremely difficult to satisfy a patient despite what you feel may be a successful outcome. The objective evaluation is a summary of the patient’s physiological characteristics such as age, gender, facial shapes and facial aging features: wrinkle characteristics, follicular pores, depression, sagging, skin thickness, elasticity, et al. Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) dose and injection sites vary by age and gender. Accurately grasping your patients’ problems is the first step towards the effective treatment of any disease and cosmetic treatment is no exception. Once you have gathered information about patients’ characteristics and general aging state, it is important to assess the appropriate indications and potential adverse effects of treating them with BoNT-A and fillers. For example, fillers are required as a supplement to BoNT-A for deep wrinkles in the glabellar area and fractional lasers for infraorbital lines. Patients with ptosis may experience difficulties to open their eyes after injection of BoNT-A into forehead unless dose of BoNT-A is lowered. Developing an acute sense of ‘doctor’s insight’ to grasp patients’ problems before treatment is essential for providing successful care. It is helpful to develop meticulous observation skills for examining patients from the forehead to the neck when they are at rest and while giving forced facial expressions. As prolonged staring at patient’s face may be a bit uncomfortable, ‘diagnosis with mirror’, allowing patients to observe themselves through a mirror is a good alternative for doctors to find their problems. ‘Mirror diagnosis’ is not only helpful for catching problems in detail, but also allows patients to find new problems that may have been unnoticed previously, which motivates patients to receive treatments for new problems. It is also important to observe patients’ facial expressions during consultations, including their involuntary habits. It can be helpful to naturally observe all of a patient’s habitual movements such as lifting of the eyebrows, twitching of the nose, glabellar frowning, applying force to the anterior jaw, peculiar expressions accompanied by tics, and to also watch for periorbital lines and nasolabial folds that appear while smiling or speaking and the shape of lines around the lips. Among sociocultural aspects, it is helpful to know the profession, marital status, nationality and ethnicity of your patients. You should also determine to what extent bruising or edema may interfere with their daily lives in case they occur. For male CEOs in their 60s, the procedure should be without social down time. As people of different races and ethnicities have their own preferred facial shapes and treatment goals, treatments should be adjusted as necessary according to these factors. For example, BoNT-A treatment for masseter hypertrophy is not popular in western countries since most Caucasians do not care much about square jaw with mandibular angles and masseter hypertrophy. Volumization using filler for sunken lower cheek which is popular in Asians is not performed since Caucasians prefer sunken cheeks. It is important to check your patients’ previous history of cosmetic treatments such as the removal of infraorbital lines, nose surgery, fat transplantation, BoNT-A injections and filler injections. With regards to fillers, it is helpful to know which products were used and how satisfied they were with the treatment. If a patient has received prior treatments with BoNT-A, it is important to find out if they had experienced any adverse effects after the injections, particularly eyebrow drooping or change of facial expressions. Finally, financial situation is one of the most important, yet often overlooked, aspects of a patient evaluation. Budgetary constraint is an important factor in customer purchase decisions. Most patients need to weigh up the cost and benefits of a given treatment. If there is true financial burden, it is better to initially recommend the best cost-benefit options with the most noticeable results in order of priority. It is with this in mind that practitioners assist patients prioritize the necessary treatments they need to receive. For example, upon assessing a patients’ face, I would suggest they start with treatment of the glabellar wrinkle and anterior malar depression as their first priority. I would then suggest they could do with a nose filler and chin augmentation later to add more definition to the face, but for now their priority should be the glabellar wrinkle and malar depression treatments for the younger appearance. Or it can be a good idea to drop patients who come in with unrealistically low cost estimations. Patients who are under cost pressure tend to have disproportionately higher expectations about the results, and will most likely end up being an unhappy customer.
-
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
