Sol-Gel법에 의한 Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2계 괴상겔 및 결정화유리의 합성

양중식,작화제부 한국세라믹학회 1988 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare multicomponent monolithic Li-Al-Si gels of composition(mol%) 16.67 Li2O-16.67 Al2O3-66.67 SiO2 and to convert the gels to monolithic glass-ceramic at low temperature without melting. The hydrolysis, DTA, TGA, TMA, SEM, pore distribution, density and the activation energy for crystallization of the glass-ceramic formation with rawmaterials of which tetraethl orhosilicate of networkforming cation(Si) is partially hydrolyzed, aluminum isoproxide and lithium methoxide prepared by Li-metal react with methanol were studied. The results were as follows : 1) Monolithic gels which were added with additional water, resulting in a total water content 2.5 to 3.0 times the stoichiometric amount required to fully hydrolyze the alkoxides. 2) Specimens were dried to form crylinders 60mm in length and 40mm in diameter in about 800 hrs at 5$0^{\circ}C$. 3) $\beta$-eucryptite crystals and $\beta$-spodumene crystals were detected in samples heated above 75$0^{\circ}C$. 4) Within the temperature and range of 25-50$0^{\circ}C$ and 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ the thermal expansion coefficient for crystallized samples were shown as 2.6-5.7$\times$10-7/$^{\circ}C$ and 7.4-12.5$\times$10-7/$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 5) The activation energy for the crystal growth was 11.01kcal/mol at 794$^{\circ}C$ to 85$0^{\circ}C$.

SOL-GEL 법에 의한 반도체 Doped SiO₂ Glass 박막의 제조

문종수,김경문,作花濟夫 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

최근 반도체를 분산시킨 glass는 큰 3차 비선형광학특성을 가지므로 비선형광학재료로서 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 투명하고 균일한 CdS분산 SiO₂glass 박막을 졸겔법에 의한 dip-coating법으로 만들었다. 박막은 SiO₂glass matrix 속에 일반적으로 Cd^{2+}와 S^{2-} 이온들의 분해에 의하여 생성된 CdS결정들을 함유하는 glass로 구성된다. 이들 시료들의 열처리로 콜로이드 응집이 생성되고 최종적으로는 미결정이 생성된다. CdS결정들의 열처리로 콜로이드 응집이 생성되고 최종적으로는 미결정이 생성된다. CdS결정들의 크기는 열처리 온도와 시간에 따라 약 4∼15nm가 되었다. 양자시이즈효과가 시료들의 광흡수 스펙트럼의 관찰에 의하여 확인되었다. Semiconductor doped glasses have attracted much attention as nonlinear optical materials recently because of their large third nonlinear optical properties. The transparent and homogeneous CdS doped SiO₂glass thin films were obtained by the dip-coating of sol -gel method. Thin films are constituted by glasses containing CdS crystallites which are usually formed by dissolving Cd^{2+} and S^{2-} ions in a SiO₂glass matrix. A subsequent thermal treatment of this sample leads to the formation of colloidal agglomerates and finally of microcrystallites. The size of CdS crystals were about 4 to 15 nm after thermal treatments at various temperatures and times. The quantum size effects were confirmed by the observation of them optical absorption spectra of samples.

주야간에 따른 경관의 가치 인식 차이에 관한 연구-수원 화성과 화서공원을 사례로-

사작화(Xie, Zhuo Hua),민병욱(Min, Byungwook) 한국디자인문화학회 2023 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.29 No.4

전국적으로 도시화의 진행이 가속되고 도시 인구가 빠르게 증가함에 따라 도시 지역의 야간 활동에 대한 수요도 증가하고 있다. 더 많은 야간 도시 활동이 발생할수록 도시의 디자인이 변화하는 것은 자연스러운 과정이며, 조명 기술의 발달에 따라 다양한 야간 경관이 연출될 수 있다. 또한, 조명과 더불어 연출되는 야간의 경관에 대한 사람들의 반응은 주간과 비교하여 다를 수 있다. 조경, 건축을 포함한 환경디자인 분야에서는 이러한 사람들의 인식 차이 연구에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 주간과 야간의 경관변화에 따라 사람들이 그 경관의 가치를 어떻게 다르게 인식하는지를 심층적으로 연구하여, 더 의미 있는 경관연출을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 수원의 화성과 화서공원을 대상지로 삼아 실증적인 연구를 진행하였다. 우선 광범위한 문헌연구를 통해 교육성, 심미성, 장소성, 중요성의 카테고리로 분석의 틀을 설정하였으며, 대상지에서 촬영한 주야간 사진에 대한 사람들의 평가를 통계적인 방식으로 분석하였다. 주간과 야간의 경관에 대한 사람들의 평가에 유의미한 차이가 확인되었다. 주간에는 장소에 대한 인식이, 야간에는 교육에 대한 인식이 더 높게 나타났다. 또한, 주간과 야간 경관 경험 4가지 속성들은 서로 긍정적인 상관관계가 있었으며, 4가지 속성 간 상관관계는 야간 경관에서 주간 경관보다 더 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 사람들이 주간과 야간 경관에 부여하는 가치의 차이를 파악하였으며, 주간과 야간 경관 연출에 대한 이론적 근거를 제공하여보다 의미 있는 도시경관에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다. As urbanization accelerates nationwide and the urban population increases rapidly, the demand for night activities in urban areas is also increasing. It is a natural process to change the design of the city as more night city activities occur, and various night landscapes can be created according to the development of lighting technology. In addition, people’s reactions to the night view produced with lighting may be different compared to daytime. In the field of environmental design, including landscaping and architecture, the importance of research on differences in people’s perceptions is increasing.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present basic data for more meaningful landscape production by deeply studying how people perceive the value of the landscape differently according to changes in the landscape during the day and at night. To this end, an empirical study was conducted on Hwaseong Fortress and Hwaseo Park in Suwon as targets. First of all, through extensive literature research, the framework of analysis was established into categories of education, aesthetics, location, and importance, and people’s evaluation of weekly night photos taken at the target site was analyzed in a statistical manner. Significant differences were identified in people’s evaluations of the day and night landscapes. During the day, the perception of the place was higher, and at night, the perception of education was higher. In addition, the four attributes of day and night landscape experience had a positive correlation with each other, and the correlation between the four attributes was stronger in the night view than in the day view. This study identifies the difference in the value people give to daytime and night landscapes and is expected to provide a theoretical basis for day and night landscape production to help with more meaningful urban landscapes.

공원 조성 시 설계⋅시공의 인식차 및 최소화의 방안 분석

차은희,김해민,왕징,왕이연,사작화,민병욱 한국디자인문화학회 2023 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Efforts have been made to implement various ideas such as design contests to continuously improve the quality of park green areas through the construction of new cities. However, unlike efforts to improve the quality of the design, the completed target site is often realized differently from the intended design through a procedure called ‘design change’. Therefore, the study aims to find out why works such as design contests that implement creative ideas through the efforts of designers cannot be implemented at the construction site as they are, and what is the gap between design and realization, especially construction. Through this, the designer’s plan is implemented as much as possible, and it is intended to contribute to improving the convenience of construction for the contractor to provide a basis for the spatial plan in which changes in the plan are minimized. As for the physical scope, the design and construction process of Dongtan Lake Park located in Dongtan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do was selected as an example. The park is a park that reflects specialized design through a nomination invitation contest, and a plan containing creative ideas from designers was implemented. Considering the size of the target site, four experts who participated in the design and completion of the project focused on “Waterfront Culture Plaza” and “Nest Garden” among Dongtan Lake Park to analyze why the design intention was not implemented. In addition, previous studies were supplemented in parallel The main result of the interview was that the designer was disappointed that the park was not implemented as originally intended, and the construction and manager were disappointed that the design was insufficient. As a common opinion, there were many opinions that facilities or space composition reflecting users’ needs, especially waterfront cultural plaza needs rest facilities that provide shade, and Nest Garden needs various flowering plants that grow well considering soil conditions. Based on interviews with the target site and experts, three factors that cause differences between designers and construction fields were summarized. First, there is a difference of opinion on the user’s usage behavior. There may be a gap between the intended use pattern and the actual use by the designer, so if the designer carefully reviews and plans it, future changes can be reduced. Second, the lack of field condition analysis prevents the design intention from being implemented as it is. If the designer conducts a close field analysis and designs, changes can be minimized during construction. Third, the lack of expertise of designers can affect the gap between design and construction. Insufficient parts of drawings, such as implementation design, have no choice but to be supplemented during construction, and may be supplemented in a different direction than the designer intended at that time. And a lack of understanding of various landscaping materials is a factor that prevents the design from being implemented. If the designer takes the aforementioned contents into account from the beginning of the design, it is believed that the designer’s intention can be implemented as much as possible and the design can minimize changes and inconveniences in construction.