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임종권 ( Jong-kwon Lim ),이상영 ( Sang-young Lee ),배화옥 ( Hwa-oak Bae ) 한국보건사회연구원 1989 保健社會硏究 Vol.9 No.1
Induced abortion has been given continuous attention because of its harmfulness to maternal health and probable role as a cause of repeated spontaneous abortion and sterility. This study aims to analyze a recent trend of induced abortion practice, the reasons for ind-uced abortion and its side-effects, and to investigate the impact of induced abortion on fertility reduction, and as an ultimate objective, to provide proper policy recommendations on population and maternal and child health. The data used for the analysis are drawn from the 1988 National Fertility and Family Health Survey. Major findings of the study are summarized as follows. I. Trends in Fertility and Prevalence of Induced Abortion, and Contraceptive Use In 1978 total marital fertility rate (TMFR) and total marital induced abortion rate (TMIAR) of women aged 20-44 were 4.1 and 2.9 respectively. And 49 percent 01 the married women aged 15-44, out 01 which 16.5 percent were adopting sterlization. were practicing contraception. Since 1978, contraceptive practice rate has drastically increased to 77 percent in 1987, and more importantly the proportion of sterilization-acceptors has almost doubled 1048.2 percent in 1987. TMFR and TMIAR of those aged 20-44 have declined to 2.6 and 1.6 respectively in 1987. It is, however, noteworthy that the induced abortion rate in the young age group of 20-24 has rather increased during the same period. 2. Differential Induced Abortion Rate by Socio-Demographic Characteristics No significant difference in the prevalence of induced abortion is found between urban and rural areas. General marital Induced abortion rate (GMIAR) is 69.8 per 1,000 married women in the urban and 57.4 in the rural. As for the rate by educational attainments, GMIAR of the group of primary school or no schooling is 393 per 1,000 married women. which is far lower compared with 76.8 In the middle. school group, 75.7 in the high school group and 67.0 in the group of university or higher level of schooling. Seen by number of children, the highest rate. 64.0 per 1,000 married women, is found among women with two children, and the next. highest, 63.5. among those with no chlldren. 3. Termination Status Pregnancis The proportion of induced abortions to total pregnancies and the ratio of induced abortions to live births were 42.5 percent and 84 per 100 live births respectively in 1978, and 38.8 percent and 75 per 100 live births respectively in 1984. And they were 38.0 percent and 70 per 100 live births respectively in 1987. 4. Reasons for Induced Abortion The most popular reason for induced abortion is the terminaton of fertility. In 1987, 56.4 percent of the first induced abortions and 81.8 percent of the last Induced abortions ever exp-erienced were practiced for this purpose. Birth spacing also served as one of the major reasons. 16.4 percent of the first induced abortion was practiced for spacing births at Intended intervals. 5. Side-Effects of Induced Abortion The proportion of women who have ever suffered from side-effects after their induced abor-tions is 17.6 percent. and seen by residence. it is 17.6 percent in urban areas and 17.3 percent in rural areas. It is found that the longer the duration of pregnancy is, the higher risk to maternal health there arises. The occurrance rate of side-effects is 16.9 percent among those who abort at the first month of pregnancy. 17.9 percent at the second month and 21.7percent at the third month. 6. Conclusion The prevalence of induced abortion has gradually declined since the very beginning of the 1980s. Such a decline might be a combined effect of the increased proportion of sterilization- acceptors and the changes in women`s attitudes towards induced abortion. It is, however, found that the tendency to abort in the young age group 20-24 has rather increased since 1975. And the induced abortion rate of women in their twenties is much higher than that of women aged 30 or over. The facts that a large proportion of these women want more children and that their major contraceptive methods may well be the temporary ones would explain much of this phe-nomenon. For curbing the prevalence of induced abortion. it is, therefore. recommended that more effective temporary methods should be developed and distributed with follow-up services, and that lEC activities against the negative effects of induced abortion should be strengthened.
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