튜링과 키에르케고어: 수학적 모델을 통한 이해

박창균,Park, Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.2

This paper aims to compare and contrast Kierkegaard and Turing, whose birth dates were one hundred years apart, analyzing them from the perspective of the limit. The model of analysis is two concentric circles and movement in them and on the boundary of outer circle. In the model, Kierkegaard's existential stages have 1:1 correspondences: aesthetic stage, ethical stage, religious stage A and religious stage B correspond to inside of the inner circle, outside of the inner circle, the boundary of the outer circle and the outside of the outer circle, respectively. This paper claims that Turing belongs to inside of the outer circle and moves to the center while Kierkegaard belongs to outside of the outer circle and moves to the infinity. Both of them have movement of potential infinity but their directions are opposite.

'지식변화모델' 에서 프레게와 괴델

박창균,Park, Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.1

This paper aims to evaluate works of Frege and G$\ddot{o}$del, who play the trigger role in development of logic, by Knowledge Change Model. It identifies where their positions are in the model respectively. For this purpose I suggest types of knowledge change and their criteria for the evaluation. Knowledge change are classified into five types according to the degree of its change: improvement, weak glorious revolution, glorious revolution, strong glorious revolution, and total revolution. Criteria to evaluate the change are its contents, influence, pervasive effects, and so forth. The Knowledge Change Model consists of the types and the criteria. I argue that in the model Frege belongs to the total revolution and G$\ddot{o}$del to the weak glorious revolution. If we accept that the revolution in logic initiated by Frege was completed by G$\ddot{o}$del, it is a natural conclusion.

이해상충과 애널리스트 예측

박창균,연태훈,Park, Chang-Gyun,Youn, Taehoon 한국개발연구원 2009 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구에서는 주식시장에서 정보 생산자로서 중요한 기능을 수행하는 '애널리스트'의 이익 예측치 편의와 정확도가 증권사와 평가 대상 기업의 동일인 소유 여부에 의하여 영향을 받는지를 점검하였다. 소유구조에 기반한 증권사와 평가 대상 기업 간의 특수관계에 의하여 평가자의 행태가 달라지고 그로 인하여 불특정 다수의 투자자에게 부정적 영향이 초래되는 경우 적절한 규제조치가 필요할 것이라는 측면에서 제기된 문제의 실천적 의미를 찾을 수 있다. 물론 평판효과(reputation effect)가 중요한 역할을 하는 증권업과 애널리스트 시장에서 시장규율(market discipline)이 원활히 작동한다면 특수관계로 인해 왜곡된 정보를 제공할 유인이 사라질 것이며 별도의 규제가 필요하지는 않을 것이다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 특수관계가 존재할 경우 양의 예측편의가 발생하는 빈도가 높은 것은 사실이나, 예측편의의 크기를 포함한 종합적 상관관계를 고려할 경우 증권사와 평가 대상 기업 간의 특수관계가 유의한 예측편의를 발생시키는 것으로 보기는 어려우며, 정확도 또한 의미있는 차이를 보이는 것으로 결론짓기는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이는 적어도 현재까지는 증권사가 소유구조로 인하여 왜곡된 정보를 생산하려는 유인보다 정확한 정보를 제공한다는 평판을 지키려는 유인이 더욱 크게 작용한 결과 관측되는 현상으로 해석될 수 있다. The paper investigates the possible relationship between earnings prediction by security analysts and special ownership ties that link security companies those analysts belong to and firms under analysis. "Security analysts" are known best for their role as information producers in stock markets where imperfect information is prevalent and transaction costs are high. In such a market, changes in the fundamental value of a company are not spontaneously reflected in the stock price, and the security analysts actively produce and distribute the relevant information crucial for the price mechanism to operate efficiently. Therefore, securing the fairness and accuracy of information they provide is very important for efficiencyof resource allocation as well as protection of investors who are excluded from the special relationship. Evidence of systematic distortion of information by the special tie naturally calls for regulatory intervention, if found. However, one cannot presuppose the existence of distorted information based on the common ownership between the appraiser and the appraisee. Reputation effect is especially cherished by security firms and among analysts as indispensable intangible asset in the industry, and the incentive to maintain good reputation by providing accurate earnings prediction may overweigh the incentive to offer favorable rating or stock recommendation for the firms that are affiliated by common ownership. This study shares the theme of existing literature concerning the effect of conflict of interests on the accuracy of analyst's predictions. This study, however, focuses on the potential conflict of interest situation that may originate from the Korea-specific ownership structure of large conglomerates. Utilizing an extensive database of analysts' reports provided by WiseFn(R) in Korea, we perform empirical analysis of potential relationship between earnings prediction and common ownership. We first analyzed the prediction bias index which tells how optimistic or friendly the analyst's prediction is compared to the realized earnings. It is shown that there exists no statistically significant relationship between the prediction bias and common ownership. This is a rather surprising result since it is observed that the frequency of positive prediction bias is higher with such ownership tie. Next, we analyzed the prediction accuracy index which shows how accurate the analyst's prediction is compared to the realized earnings regardless of its sign. It is also concluded that there is no significant association between the accuracy ofearnings prediction and special relationship. We interpret the results implying that market discipline based on reputation effect is working in Korean stock market in the sense that security companies do not seem to be influenced by an incentive to offer distorted information on affiliated firms. While many of the existing studies confirm the relationship between the ability of the analystand the accuracy of the analyst's prediction, these factors cannot be controlled in the above analysis due to the lack of relevant data. As an indirect way to examine the possibility that such relationship might have distorted the result, we perform an additional but identical analysis based on a sub-sample consisting only of reports by best analysts. The result also confirms the earlier conclusion that the common ownership structure does not affect the accuracy and bias of earnings prediction by the analyst.

로바체프스키의 수학철학과 비유클리드기하

박창균,Park, Chang-Kyun 한국수학사학회 2011 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.24 No.4

이 글의 목적은 비유클리기하의 제안자의 한사람인 로바체프스키의 수학철학이 현대수학철학의 일종의 저수지였음을 보이고, 그의 수학철학이 비유클리드기하의 탄생에 기여했음을 밝히는 것이다. In this paper I claim that Lobachevsky's philosophy of mathematics is a kind of reservoir of contemporary philosophy of mathematics. I discuss how his philosophy contributed to the rise of non-Euclidean geometry.

수학에 대한 은유와 철학적 문제들

박창균,Park, Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2017 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.30 No.4

The goal of this essay is to examine metaphors for mathematics and to discuss philosophical problems related to them. Two metaphors for mathematics are well known. One is a tree and the other is a building. The former was proposed by Pasch, and the latter by Hilbert. The difference between these metaphors comes from different philosophies. Pasch's philosophy is a combination of empiricism and deductivism, and Hilbert's is formalism whose final task is to prove the consistency of mathematics. In this essay, I try to combine two metaphors from the standpoint that 'mathematics is a part of the ecosystem of science', because each of them is not good enough to reflect the holistic mathematics. In order to understand mathematics holistically, I suggest the criteria of the desirable philosophy of mathematics. The criteria consists of three categories: philosophy, history, and practice. According to the criteria, I argue that it is necessary to pay attention to Pasch's philosophy of mathematics as having more explanatory power than Hilbert's, though formalism is the dominant paradigm of modern mathematics. The reason why Pasch's philosophy is more explanatory is that it contains empirical nature. Modern philosophy of mathematics also tends to emphasize the empirical nature, and the synthesis of forms with contents agrees with the ecological analogy for mathematics.

수학에서 '모더니즘'의 전개와 이에 대한 성찰 -18세기를 중심으로-

박창균,Park Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2004 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.17 No.4

This paper claims that an essential characteristic of modernism is mathematization, and introduces how mathematization was deployed in the eighteenth century. It also points out problems caused by mathematization. 본 논문은 모더니즘이 가지는 핵심적인 성격이 ‘수학화’에 있다고 주장하고 특히 18세기를 중심으로 수학화가 어떻게 전개되었는지 소개하는 데 있다. 뿐만 아니라 ‘수학화’에 따르는 문제점을 지적하려 한다.

수학과 학문융합

박창균,Park, Chang-Kyun 한국수학사학회 2010 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.23 No.1

이 글의 목적은 학문융합의 시대에 수학의 역할이 무엇인지를 밝히는 것이다. 수학은 학문융합에 있어서 세 가지 측면-이론적, 언어적, 정신적-에서 기여할 수 있다고 본다. 이를 위해 먼저 수학화의 과정을 살핀 후, 학문융합의 정도를 복합학문, 간학문, 초학문 등 세 단계로 구분한다. 그리고 학문융합에 기여하는 수학의 세 측면과 학문융합의 세 단계가 서로 대응관계에 있음을 주장한다. This paper aims to show the role of mathematics in the age of disciplinary convergence. Classifying disciplinary convergence into three levels by its degree, I claim that mathematics can contribute to disciplinary convergence in three aspects: theoretical, linguistical, and spiritual. Then I assert that there is a corresponding relationship between three levels of convergence and three contributing aspects.

한계의 철학 : 수학과 철학 사이

박창균,Park, Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2016 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.29 No.1

This essay aims to suggest roughly the "philosophy of limits." The limits mainly refer to those of human experiences and rational thoughts. The philosophy of limits consist of three theses and two consequences(L, M). (1) The limits are necessarily supervenient in the course of searching knowledge. (2) The limits cannot be dissipated ultimately. (3) To recognize the limits is not only an intellectual recognition but also a beginning of whole personality's reaction. (L) It is a rational decision to accept the limits and leave the margins (yeoback/yeoheuck) rather than to try to remove them. (M) To leave the margins (yeoback/yeoheuck) is characteristic of being human, and enables one to harmoniously communicate with others. To justify the philosophy of limits, this essay examine the limits discussed in mathematics and philosophy: set theory, Godel's Incompleteness Theorem, Galois Theorem in mathematics; and Hume, Kant, Kierkegaard, and Wittgenstein in philosophy. I try to interpret consciousness of limits in various cultures. I claim that consciousness of the limits contribute to lucidity of human identity, communication between persons, stimulation of creative thinking.

회원작품 - 전주한옥마을(풍남동) 라온 카페 & 스테이

박창균,Park, Changguin 대한건축사협회 2017 建築士 Vol.578 No.-

괴델의 삶과 사상 -'여백의 철학'을 위한 소고

박창균,Park Chang-Kyun 한국수학사학회 2006 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.19 No.2

본 논문에서는 괴델의 삶과 업적을 소개하고, 그의 불완전성정리의 함의하는 바가 인식론적이고 윤리적인 의미를 가지는 여백을 확보하는데 있다는 것을 주장한다. 그리고 그 함의가 '여백의 철학'을 지지함을 논의한다. This paper aims to introduce $G\ddot{o}del's$ life and thought, and insists that implication of the incompleteness theorem is saving blank space. The space has epistemological and ethical meaning, and I argue that the implication supports philosophy of blank space.