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朴贊億 강릉대학교 영동산업문제연구소 1983 産經論叢 Vol.1 No.-
This study aims to analyze the background of the establishment of IMF, and the nature, the function and the problem of IMF, and it's development process. First , the lessons of the collapse of the international monetary system in the 1930s were remembered in the formulation of IMF. Economic nationalism - competitive exchange rate devaluation, formati on of competing monetary blocs, and the absense of international coorporation - in those years had contributed greatly to economic breakdown, domestic political instability and international war. And the cold war, the situation of the world capitalist against the socialist in the post war period was the other important factor in the formulation of IMF. The way to Bretton Woods had been paved by the United States , because America, as the leader of the capitalist and the absolutely strong economic country, intended to assume the primary responsibility for establishing a post-war economic order toward free trade system, named an opened economic system. Second, one of the principal nature of IMF is primarily in the rules of the fixed exchange rates system which US Dollar of a national money has been roled as the key currency in the international monetary system. Under the Bretton Woods the capitalists achieved a high economic growth and also great development of the international trade. Third, but November 1960 the United States experienced the first run on the dollar. The fundamental cause of the dollar crisis is the continuously rising balance-of-payment deficit. Some times i t made better and some times worse the dollar crisis had been strengthened. As a result, on August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced his New Economic Policy: hence forth, the dollar would no longer be convertible into gold, and so on. August 15,1971 marked the end of the Bretton woods period. Last, the history of the international monetary system since that date has been one of the attempts to reimpose an order on the system. At the IMP Meeting in Jamaica in January 1976, the reformation of IMf being characterized by the float exchange system and a step toward the demonetization of gold was reached to agreement.
박찬억 한남대학교 경영연구소 2011 경영연구 Vol.30 No.-
아담 스미스는 자유방임주의와 값싼 정부를 주장했고, 케인즈는 국가의 경제개입을 정당화하였으며, 통화주의와 신자유주의는 다시 최소국가와 친기업적 정부를 제창하였다. 2차대전후 대부분의 국가에서 국가의 개입이 부상하였으나, 1980년대를 전후하여 대부분의 국가에서 국가의 개입은 몰락하고 신자유주의가 득세하였다. 대부분의 경제학자들은 동아시아와 한국에서 정부가 경제발전에 중요한 역할을 수행하였음을 인정하였다. 신자유주의자가 주장하는 바와 같이 국가의 역할을 줄이면 줄일수록 경제에 이로운 것인가? 그에 대한 답은 부정적이라고 할 수 있다. Adam Smith argued Laissez-Faire and Cheap Government, but J. M. Keynse justified state interventionism, and yet again, Monetarism and Neo-Liberalism proposed Minimal State and Pro-Business State. After World War II, the governments of most nations were elevated to take the most important function in the economic activities, but before and after 1980s, State Interventionism took the fall, and Neo-Liberalism gained its power. Most economists have ackonwledged the role of government in the economic development of East Asian Countries including South Korea. But the question is whether or not it is beneficial for economy to have less government intervention. And the answer to this question is negative.