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김선오 ( Sunoh Kim ),박종환(교수) ( Jong-hwan Park ) 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 약품개발연구지 Vol.24 No.-
The effect of Dendropanax morbifera (DM) extract and its fractions on the reactivity of corpus cavemosal smooth muscle of rabbit (RbCC) was investigated to support the clinical application of DM for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Dendropanax morbifera is widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of analgesic, sedative, diuretic in Korea, Japan, China. However, there is no reported sexual dysfunction as like ED, about Dendropanax morbifera. Aqueous extracts of DM was fractionated in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. The efficacy of DM was evaluated using cascade system and superfused with warmed and oxygenated(95% O₂ + 5% CO₂) Krebs solution. RbCC were pre contracted with phenylephrine(1 x 10^{-5} M) to increase the basal tone, DM(0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) or fractions(0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation. The lowest relaxation was showed at butanol fraction and highest relaxation was showed at ethyl acetate fraction on RbCC smooth muscle. These results suggest that DM and its fractions enhances phenylephrine-induced relaxation of corpus cavemosal smooth muscle in rabbit. "-O-" Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular, cytoplasmic sensor for microbial components and danger signals. There are 23 NLR family members in humans and at least 34 genes in mice. NLRs are expressed in nonimmune cells including epithelial cells and mesothelial cells as well as immune cells. As ftrst identifted NLRs, Nod1 and Nod2 consist of N-terminal caspase recruitment domain(CARD), intermediate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD), and C-terminalleucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain. Nod1 and Nod2 recognize peptidoglycan derivatives, meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), respectively. After stimulated by their speciftc bacterial molecules, Nod1 and Nod2 associate with its adaptor molecule, RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK, through CARD-CARD interaction, which leads to activation of NF-κB and MAPK, followed by induction of numerous genes involved in inflammatory process. In addition, several types of NLRs including NLRC4 and NLRP3 contribute to the activation of inflammasome, resulting in caspase-1 cleavage. This process is essential for maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. We discuss here the role of NLR proteins in inflammatory diseases.
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