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鄭秉學 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1975 아시아여성연구 Vol.14 No.-
In the ancient Chinese society, the moral senses were founded on the ancestor-worship which was considered to be repaid in the form of the prosperity of descendants. Thus the act of marriage, which was an important factor of the prosperity of descendants, was a matter of grave concern in various human affairs and it was made much of in the three bonds and the five moral rules in human relations, that is, the moral relations between man and wife resulted from the marriage were the base of all the moral relations. Therefore it could be said that the viewpoint of marriage was originated from and systematized by the Confucianism. But the fact that as the Confucianism had already begun to develop in the chinese society before Confucius age, ie, when the Han race began to form the farming livelyhood at the yellow river valley, the Chinese viewpoint of marriage began to form. It means that the origin of the Confucianism and the formation of the viewpoint of .marriage was simultaneous. Because the Confucianism was formed in the family rules society which was based upon the patriarch large family system, the idea of predominance of man over woman had naturally been fixed in the sense of the Chinese. From such viewpoints, the ancient idea of the marriage was derived that the moral relations of man and wife came into being from the premise that man is heaven, woman is earth and man first and woman second, that is to say, woman is the symbol of obedience. So the Chinese viewpoint of marriage was also changed in accordance with the progress of the Confucianism, i.e, the first step, from Spring and Autumn Dynasty to Sui-Dang Dynasty when the basic Confucianism began to be formed, the second step, from Song Dynasty to Waen-Myong Dynasty when the Sung Ni Hak, which gave impetus to philosophize about the Confucianism, became stablized. From Cheong, Dynasty to the ,present age is the third step when the occidental viewpoint of the equality of the sexes brought about the formation of the modern idea of marriage with the establishment of the Republic: of the China as a turning point. To conclude, in this statement of the transition of the Chinese viewpoint of marriage, I intend to inquire into the origin of the viewpoint of the ancient chinese society and the transitional process of the viewpoint to the age of Sui, Dang from the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 10th century.
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鄭秉學 淑明女子大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.15 No.-
The successive emperors of the T'ang dynasty (618~907) that formulated the doctrine of civil administration as the national policy gave the scholars a responsible post who were outstanding in their writing of the prose and poetry, took their opinion into great consideration in establishing a national supreme policy and also apointed them in large number to higher ranks of State system. Such policy is beginned from the first emperor Kao-tsu, the founder of the dynasty and thus from that time on the T'ang dynasty instituted an literary center and there disposed the competent and noted scholars and had them deal with national supreme confidential document. Tai tsung(627~649) and Kao tsung who were the successors of Kao tsu still more took them into confidence and the successive Hsien tsung installed in the Imperial government the institution which is called 「Han Rim academy」and distributed the prominent masters of prose and poetry and called them 「Han Rim Academicians」. The primary duty of the Academicians was to draw up imperial order, imperial message and proclamation etc, but since Hsien tsung's reigning, they not only took charge of an advicer on national policy, but also numerously were appointed to the position of the minister in many case. Since Tai-tsung to Hsien tsung, the fact that the number of the minister who were originally the above mentioned academicians was more than thirty was the evident proof of the T'ang dynasty's promotion policy of the men of letters. In short, the above mentioned policy was due to the civil administration doctrine of the T'ang dynasty which intended to put their pre-eminent literary talent and distinguished learning to practical use of national policy. So the academicians had a great effect upon the society f the T'ang dynasty but also it is not too much to say that the activity of the academicians was one of the motive forces in producing the brilliant culture and civilization of the T'ang dynasty.
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