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        中国政治学理论范式的现象学维度: 政治学理论视野中的身体与政治

        林曦 ( Lin¸ Xi ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2021 중국사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.1

        现象学作为欧陆哲学强调个体经验、意图和生活世界的理论研究进路, 也进入了中国的政治学学科的视野, 这两者相互结合, 形成了“政治现象学”这一新兴的学科领域。本文就旨在讨论, 政治现象学作为一个理论范式, 可以首先以身体为切入点, 来探讨我们规训身体的过程中所存在的性别规范、性别政治的问题, 因为身体是在政治科学研究之中被悬置起来的一个“前科学假设”。身体首先作为个体的身体, 但作为一个种群的人类的身体总和, 就不再是仅仅属于每一个活生生的个体所有, 而是变成了政治的主体、国家的权力对象, 政治发展和管控的目标, 制度安排的客体, 从而进入了政治学研究的视野。故此, 政治现象学可以从身体出发, 来揭示这一现象背后所被隐藏的政治诉求和制度安排, 并从新的学术视角理解和解释一个互联互通的世界中中国特殊条件下公共政策形成过程、社会资源配置和国家与社会关系的互动关系的历史变迁和政治现实。 As a theoretical paradigm, phenomenology may be seemingly distant from political science, which focus on the research of the political in human society. The wedding of phenomenology, an experience-oriented approach of philosophical inquiries, with the study of the political may avail for us a new theoretical lens to examine human activities. This so-called “political phenomenology” may start from “human body” as its entry point, to discuss the gendered norms and politics in the disciplining of human body. This human body is not merely in singular terms; on the contrary, there may be double or multiple bodies that intersect and form a shared community, namely the world of our daily life. Moreover, there is a tertiary level which points to the multiplication of bodies or body in its multitude. The dimension of “global imaginary” shall be duly added to our discussions, bringing near those distant “others” and enabling their presence to motivate those sentiments of the ethics of responsibility. The introduction of phenomenology into political science, as a new theoretical paradigm, can be rendered politically productive by tapping into the pools of both phenomenological inquiries and politico-scientific research.

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