Numerical Simulation of Cold Storage and Preservation of Hanfu Apple

Yuan Juan Gong,Yan Zhang,Xiaofeng Ning 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: To solve the decay phenomenon of Hanfu apples that occurs during storage and obtain the best environmental parameters for preserving Hanfu apples using Fluent. Methods: Preservation storage was designed by analyzing the characteristics of Hanfu-apple storage and the natural environment in northeast China. The boundary conditions and simulation of a preservation model were established. Results: Compared with the initial values, the hardness decreased by 1.95 kg/cm 2 , the sugar-acid ratio decreased by 20.43, and weight-loss rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: The results for the temperature field and velocity field of the empty storage were analyzed using Fluent. Hanfu apples can maintain good quality during the period of storage, according to our analysis of the Hanfu-apple hardness, weight loss, and change in the sugar-acid ratio during the 90-day preservation period.

Numerical Simulation of Cold Storage and Preservation of Hanfu Apple

Gong, Yuan Juan,Zhang, Yan,Ning, Xiao Feng Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: To solve the decay phenomenon of Hanfu apples that occurs during storage and obtain the best environmental parameters for preserving Hanfu apples using Fluent. Methods: Preservation storage was designed by analyzing the characteristics of Hanfu-apple storage and the natural environment in northeast China. The boundary conditions and simulation of a preservation model were established. Results: Compared with the initial values, the hardness decreased by $1.95kg/cm^2$, the sugar-acid ratio decreased by 20.43, and weight-loss rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: The results for the temperature field and velocity field of the empty storage were analyzed using Fluent. Hanfu apples can maintain good quality during the period of storage, according to our analysis of the Hanfu-apple hardness, weight loss, and change in the sugar-acid ratio during the 90-day preservation period.

Drying Ginseng Slices Using a Combination of Microwave and Far-Infrared Drying Techniques

Gong, Yuan Juan,Sui, Ying,Han, Chung Su,Ning, Xiao Feng Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.1

Purpose: This study was performed to improve the drying quality and drying rate of ginseng slices by combining microwave and far-infrared drying techniques. Methods: Based on single-factor experiments and analyses, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was adopted to study the effects of the moisture content at the conversion point between the microwave and far-infrared techniques, the ginseng slice thickness and the far-infrared drying temperature on the chip drying time, the surface color difference value, the nutritional composition and the surface shrinkage rate index. Results: Compared to the far-infrared drying alone, the combined microwave and far-infrared drying resulted in an increase in the saponin content of the ginseng slices and reductions in the drying time, surface color difference, and shrinkage rate. Conclusions: We established a mathematical model of the relationships between the surface shrinkage rate index and the experimental factors using the multi-objective nonlinear optimization method to determine the optimal parameter combination, which was confirmed to be the following: microwave and far-infrared moisture contents of 65%, a ginseng slice thickness of 1 mm, and a far-infrared drying temperature of $54^{\circ}C$.

Numerical Simulation of Cold Storage and Preservation of Hanfu Apple

( Yuan Juan Gong ),( Yan Zhang ),( Xiao Feng Ning ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4

To solve the decay phenomenon of Hanfu apples that occurs during storage and obtain the best environmental parameters for preserving Hanfu apples using Fluent. Methods: Preservation storage was designed by analyzing the characteristics of Hanfu-apple storage and the natural environment in northeast China. The boundary conditions and simulation of a preservation model were established. Results: Compared with the initial values, the hardness decreased by 1.95 kg/cm² , the sugar-acid ratio decreased by 20.43, and weight-loss rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: The results for the temperature field and velocity field of the empty storage were analyzed using Fluent. Hanfu apples can maintain good quality during the period of storage, according to our analysis of the Hanfu-apple hardness, weight loss, and change in the sugar-acid ratio during the 90-day preservation period.

Agricultural Process and Food Engineering : Original Article ; Drying Ginseng Slices Using a Combination of Microwave and Far-Infrared Drying Techniques

( Yuan Juan Gong ),( Ying Sui ),( Chung Su Han ),( Xiao Feng Ning ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.1

Purpose: This study was performed to improve the drying quality and drying rate of ginseng slices by combining microwave and far-infrared drying techniques. Methods: Based on single-factor experiments and analyses, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was adopted to study the effects of the moisture content at the conversion point between the microwave and far-infrared techniques, the ginseng slice thickness and the far-infrared drying temperature on the chip drying time, the surface color difference value, the nutritional composition and the surface shrinkage rate index. Results: Compared to the far-infrared drying alone, the combined microwave and far-infrared drying resulted in an increase in the saponin content of the ginseng slices and reductions in the drying time, surface color difference, and shrinkage rate. Conclusions: We established a mathematical model of the relationships between the surface shrinkage rate index and the experimental factors using the multi-objective nonlinear optimization method to determine the optimal parameter combination, which was confirmed to be the following: microwave and far-infrared moisture contents of 65%, a ginseng slice thickness of 1 mm, and a far-infrared drying temperature of 54℃.

Construction of a Ginsenoside Content-predicting Model based on Hyperspectral Imaging

Xiaofeng Ning,Yuan Juan Gong,Yong Liang Chen,Hongbo Li 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct a saponin content-predicting model using shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy. Methods: The experiment used a shortwave imaging spectrometer and ENVI spectral acquisition software sampling a spectrum of 910 nm–2500 nm. The corresponding preprocessing and mathematical modeling analysis was performed by Unscrambler 9.7 software to establish a ginsenoside nondestructive spectral testing prediction model. Results: The optimal preprocessing method was determined to be a standard normal variable transformation combined with the second-order differential method. The coefficient of determination, R², of the mathematical model established by the partial least squares method was found to be 0.9999, while the root mean squared error of prediction, RMSEP, was found to be 0.0043, and root mean squared error of calibration, RMSEC, was 0.0041. The residuals of the majority of the samples used for the prediction were between ±1. Conclusion: The experiment showed that the predicted model featured a high correlation with real values and a good prediction result, such that this technique can be appropriately applied for the nondestructive testing of ginseng quality.

P2-1 : Far-infrared Drying Rate and Quality of Red Ginseng Slice

( Xiao Feng Ning ),( Yuan Juan Gong ),( Zhi Tao Luo ),( De Jun Liu ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Construction of a Ginsenoside Content-predicting Model based on Hyperspectral Imaging

Ning, Xiao Feng,Gong, Yuan Juan,Chen, Yong Liang,Li, Hongbo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct a saponin content-predicting model using shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy. Methods: The experiment used a shortwave imaging spectrometer and ENVI spectral acquisition software sampling a spectrum of 910 nm-2500 nm. The corresponding preprocessing and mathematical modeling analysis was performed by Unscrambler 9.7 software to establish a ginsenoside nondestructive spectral testing prediction model. Results: The optimal preprocessing method was determined to be a standard normal variable transformation combined with the second-order differential method. The coefficient of determination, $R^2$, of the mathematical model established by the partial least squares method was found to be 0.9999, while the root mean squared error of prediction, RMSEP, was found to be 0.0043, and root mean squared error of calibration, RMSEC, was 0.0041. The residuals of the majority of the samples used for the prediction were between ${\pm}1$. Conclusion: The experiment showed that the predicted model featured a high correlation with real values and a good prediction result, such that this technique can be appropriately applied for the nondestructive testing of ginseng quality.

Drying features of microwave and far-infrared combination drying on white ginseng slices

Xiaofeng Ning,Yulong Feng,Yuan Juan Gong,Yong Liang Chen,Junwei Qin,Danyang Wang 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

In this study microwave and far-infrared combinationdrying were conducted to investigate the effect ofmicrowave and far-infrared heating mode switching pointwater content (SW), ginseng slice thickness, and far-infrareddrying temperature on drying indicators (surfacecolour difference, ginsenosides content, and surfaceshrinkage rate) and drying efficiency (drying time) duringthe process of drying white ginseng slices. Regardingmicrowave drying, the microwave drying time cannotexceed 150 s, and the ginseng slice water content cannot beless 50%. For the combination drying, SW, far-infrareddrying temperature and slice thickness increased, the colourdifference and surface shrinkage rate first decreasedand then increased, and the content of ginsenosides firstincreased and then decreased. In addition, the combinationdrying showed faster drying rate, higher ginsenosidescontents value, colour difference (DE) value and lowersurface shrinkage rate than single far-infrared drying.

Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

Honglie Hou,Lili Cao,Wenzhi Ren,Dansheng Wang,He Ding,Juan You,Xinhua Yao,Hang Dong,Yanbing Guo,Shuxian Yuan,Xi-Chen Zhang,Pengtao Gong 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.6

The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Dirofilaria immitis infection in cats from Liaoning province, northeastern China. From October 2014 to September 2016, sera of 651 cats, including 364 domestic cats and 287 feral cats (332 females and 319 males) were assessed. They were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using SNAP Heartworm RT test kit. In this population, the average prevalence was 4.5%. Age and rearing conditions (feral or domestic) were found to be associated with the prevalence of D. immitis. The prevalence was significantly higher in feral cats compared with domestic cats (8.4% vs 1.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females (4.7% vs 4.2%, P>0.05), but older cats (≥3 years old) showed a statistically higher prevalence compared with younger cats (<3 years old) in feral populations (16.8 vs 2.4%, P<0.01), while the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant in domestic cats (2.4% vs 0.51%, P>0.05), all these results suggest that outdoor exposure time may be one of the most important factors for D. immitis prevalence in cats. Results reveal that D. immitis are prevalence in domestic and feral cats in northeastern China, which indicates that appropriate preventive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of feline heartworm disease in Liaoning province, northeastern China.