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Design and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Drug Delivery
Yi Yan Yang,Chuan Yang,Jeremy P. K. Tan,Nikken Wiradharma,Shrinivas Venkataraman,Amalina Bte Ebrahim Attia,Zhan Yuin Ong,Wei Cheng,Ashlynn Lee,Lin Kin Yong,Kazuki Fukushima,Sung Ho Kim,Daniel J. Coady 한국고분자학회 2011 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.1
Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Neurotransmission
( Nikhat J. Siddiqi ),( Abdullah S. Alhomida ),( Kazuhiro Tanaka ),( Akhlaq A. Farooqui ),( Wei Yi Ong ) 한국응용약물학회 2012 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.20 No.2
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the brain and a structural component of neuronal membranes. Changes in DHA content of neuronal membranes lead to functional changes in the activity of receptors and other proteins which might be associated with synaptic function. Accumulating evidence suggests the benefl cial effects of dietary DHA supplementation on neurotransmission. This article reviews the benefl cial effects of DHA on the brain; uptake, incorporation and release of DHA at synapses, effects of DHA on synapses, effects of DHA on neurotransmitters, DHA metabolites, and changes in DHA with age. Further studies to better understand the metabolome of DHA could result in more effective use of this molecule for treatment of neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.
Ee, Sze-Min,Lo, Yew-Long,Shui, Guanghou,Wenk, Markus R,Shin, Eun-Joo,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Ong, Wei-Yi Humana Press 2014 Molecular Neurobiology Vol.50 No.1
<P>Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which have important functions in cell signaling. The present study elucidated differential expression of PLA(2) isoforms in the rat cortex by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and demonstrated that sPLA(2)-XIIA had greater messenger RNA expression than iPLA(2)-VI or cPLA(2)-IVA in different brain regions, or compared to other sPLA(2) isoforms in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Western blots identified a 24-kDa band in different regions of the adult brain, and high levels of sPLA(2)-XIIA protein expression were detected in the PFC, striatum, and thalamus. Electron microscopy showed that sPLA(2)-XIIA is present in axon terminals and dendrites. Injection of antisense oligonucleotide to sPLA(2)-XIIA in the PFC and lipidomic analysis showed increase in phospholipid but decrease in lysophospholipid species consistent with decreased catalytic activity of the enzyme, changes in arachidonic acid release, and alterations in sphingolipids. sPLA(2)-XIIA knockdown also resulted in shorter latency timings in the passive avoidance test, and higher number of errors in the attention set-shifting task, indicating deficits in working memory and attention. Together, the results show an important role of sPLA(2)-XIIA in lipid metabolism, prefrontal cortical function, and cognition.</P>