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- 저자 : ( Shiang-yuan Chu ) (검색결과 2 건)
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China’s Economic Diplomatic Strategy in CEE Countries: Cooperation versus Conflict?
( Shiang-yuan Chu ) 한국EU학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.21 No.1
Since the global financial crisis in 2008, in the international community China’s economic rise has brought about many opportunities for the development of political, economic and strategic cooperation patterns. As a manifestation of strategic thinking underlying economic diplomacy, China put forward the concept of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, and announced the plan in March 2015. In terms of shaping global political and economic strategic patterns, the question of how to maintain and strengthen the strategic economic cooperative framework between China, the EU, and other European countries has always been an important topic of academic concern. As one salient case in point, China and the EU established the 27 + 1 leaders’ forum mechanism. Among the 27 EU member states, 12 are Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). Beginning in 2013, China launched the 16 + 1 Cooperation Initiative with CEECs under the framework of the BRI, with Greece joining in 2019, leading to its rebranding as “17+ 1”. The three Baltic states left the format in 2021 and 2022 due to asymmetric cooperation. Based on the Theory of International Cooperation and the Regime Theory, this article discusses three main issues. First, it outlines economic diplomacy strategy and the process of promoting economic diplomacy in China, second it examines the origins and development of China’s economic diplomacy with the CEECs and third, it undertakes descriptive statistical analysis of China’s economic diplomacy and its implications for EU-China relations. This article argues that the future prospects of the cooperation format might lie in developing an interest structure of cooperation, competition and conflict between the different actors.
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The EU’s Strategic Autonomy and Its Impact on European Economic Diplomacy with China
( Shiang-yuan Chu ) 한국EU학회 2024 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.22 No.1
EU and China established formal diplomatic relations in the 1970s and have upgraded their relations in the context of regionalism and globalism since the 1990s, following the end of Cold War. EU-China relations, from an initial stage to the high peak of their strategic partnership, have brought bilateral benefits in trade and in high politics, in particular following a series of crises and challenges, such as the financial debt crisis, populism, the migration crisis, and Brexit. China has used its policy tools and investment mechanism to stabilize and strengthen its relations with the EU in various ways. However, the U.S. and China trade war since 2017, the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war have changed the geo-economic and geopolitical situation. In 2019 the EU changed its China policy from strategic partners to systemic rivalry and initiated de-risking, but not decoupling from China. Meanwhile, the EU has also promoted its idea of strategic autonomy and a Strategy toward the Indo Pacific to respond to the U.S.-China power competition. This paper starts from the theoretical discussion in a context of asymmetrical interdependence and institutional balancing between the EU and China and explores the EU’s changing perception of China from a historical perspective. It evaluates developments under the concept of the EU’s strategic autonomy and its Indo-Pacific Strategy.
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