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      • An Improved Usability Evaluation Model for Point-of-Sale Systems

        Md Alamgir Kabir,Bo Han 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.7

        Point-of-sale (POS) systems are popular in developing countries because they provide fast and convenient ways of transactions for business. These systems contain vital tasks such as online transactions, ecommerce facilities, security, taxes, various management reports and others. Thereby, it is important to ensure their software quality and grantee the effective usages of business functions. Among multiple software quality attributes, usability is highlighted for POS software since the user interfaces are directly linked to cashiers’ behaviors, customers’ satisfactions and market profits. However, the usability evaluation of POS systems is not easy since they are generally featured with multi-functions, multiple configurations and complex interfaces. Many available quality models have failed to evaluate the usability of POS systems because any of them just cover partial view of usability. In this paper, we investigated ten well-known quality models and extracted the usability related factors from each of these models. By integrating these factors together, we proposed an improved usability evaluation model with a comprehensive view of usability for POS systems. Following the model, we designed usability scenarios for each factor and thus provided the corresponding questionnaires. A case study of evaluating a POS system in Bangladesh has demonstrated that the proposed model can provide a comprehensive evaluation of POS from 12 usability factors. Also, different demands from different type of customers are also be revealed by the model.

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        Safety of the oral cholera vaccine in pregnancy: Retrospective findings from a subgroup following mass vaccination campaign in Dhaka, Bangladesh <sup>☆</sup>

        Khan, Ashraful Islam,Ali, Mohammad,Chowdhury, Fahima,Saha, Amit,Khan, Iqbal Ansary,Khan, Arifuzzaman,Akter, Afroza,Asaduzzaman, Muhammad,Islam, Md. Taufiqul,Kabir, Alamgir,You, Young Ae,Saha, Nirod Ch Elsevier Science 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.11

        <▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Few women received the OCV unknowingly while pregnant during a large vaccine trial.</P>•<P>There is limited data on the safety of OCVs in pregnancy.</P>•<P>We evaluated the effect of a killed OCV, Shanchol™, on pregnancy outcomes.</P>•<P>Study showed no evidence of exposure to Shanchol™ on adverse pregnancy outcomes.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Pregnant women are vulnerable to complications of cholera. Killed oral cholera vaccines (OCV) are not recommended for pregnant women though there is no evidence of harmful effects during pregnancy. We evaluated the effect of a killed OCV, Shanchol™, on pregnancy outcomes during an effectiveness trial of the vaccine in urban Bangladesh.</P><P><B>Methodology</B></P><P>Individuals ⩾1 year were invited to participate in the trial, conducted in 2011 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnancy by history was an exclusion criterion and all women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were verbally questioned about pregnancy at enrollment and prior to vaccination. Out of 48,414 women of reproductive age 286 women received the OCV unknowingly while pregnant. Out of these, we could recruit 69 women defined as exposed to OCV. Accordingly, we selected 69 pregnant women randomly from those who did not take the OCV (non-exposed to OCV). We evaluated adverse pregnancy outcome (spontaneous miscarriages, still births, or congenital malformations) between those who were exposed to OCV and those who were not exposed to OCV.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>About 16% of pregnant women exposed to OCV had pregnancy loss, as compared to 12% of unvaccinated pregnant women (P = 0.38). One congenital anomaly was observed and occurred in women non-exposed to OCV group. Models that adjusted for baseline characteristics that were unbalanced between the exposed and non-exposed groups, revealed a no elevation of risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in vaccinees versus non-vaccinees (Adj. OR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.11–1.88).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>No excess of adverse fetal outcomes associated with receipt of OCV was observed in this study.</P><P>Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov number NCT01339845.</P></▼2>

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