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Effects of Rikkunshito (TJ-43) on Esophageal Motor Function and Gastroesophageal Reflux
( Terumi Morita ),( Kenji Furuta ),( Kyoichi Adachi ),( Shunji Ohara ),( Takashi Tanimura ),( Kenji Koshino ),( Tomochika Uemura ),( Kohji Naora ),( Yoshikazu Kinoshita ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 (구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims Rikkunshito (TJ-43), an herbal medicine, has been demonstrated to relieve gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. However, the effects of TJ-43 on esophageal motor functions have not been fully determined. This double-blind crossover study was performed to investigate the effects of TJ-43 on esophageal motor functions and gastroesophageal reflux. Methods The subjects were 10 normal male volunteers. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal body peristaltic contractions with and without 1-week administration of TJ-43 were examined in a crossover fashion. Post-prandial gastroesophageal reflux was also determined using a multi-channel impedance pH dual monitor. Results TJ-43 at a standard dose of 7.5 g/day did not significantly augment esophageal peristaltic contraction pressure measured in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the esophagus, whereas increment of resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure was observed in a supine position. In addition, TJ-43 administration did not decrease post-prandial gastroesophageal acid, non-acid reflux events or accelerate esophageal clearance time. Conclusions TJ-43 at a standard dose did not have a significant effect on esophageal motor activity or gastroesophageal reflux in healthy adults.
Emergence of Tertiary Dirac Points in Graphene Moiré Superlattices
Chen, Guorui,Sui, Mengqiao,Wang, Duoming,Wang, Shuopei,Jung, Jeil,Moon, Pilkyung,Adam, Shaffique,Watanabe, Kenji,Taniguchi, Takashi,Zhou, Shuyun,Koshino, Mikito,Zhang, Guangyu,Zhang, Yuanbo American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.6
<P>The electronic structure of a crystalline solid is largely determined by its lattice structure. Recent advances in van der Waals solids, artificial crystals with controlled stacking of two-dimensional (2D) atomic films, have enabled the creation of materials with novel electronic structures. In particular, stacking graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) introduces a moire superlattice that fundamentally modifies graphenes band structure and gives rise to secondary Dirac points (SDPs). Here we find that the formation of a moire superlattice in graphene on hBN yields new, unexpected consequences: a set of tertiary Dirac points (TDPs) emerge, which give rise to additional sets of Landau levels when the sample is subjected to an external magnetic field. Our observations hint at the formation of a hidden Kekule superstructure on top of the moire superlattice under appropriate carrier doping and magnetic fields.</P>