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Akitoshi Makino,Keiichi Yamaguchi,Daichi Sumi,Masaru Ichikawa,Masumi Ohno,Kazushige Goto 한국운동영양학회 2022 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.26 No.1
[Purpose] The present study compared energy metabolism between walking and running at equivalent speeds during two incremental exercise tests. [Methods] Thirty four university students (18 males, 16 females) were recruited. Each participant completed two trials, consisting of walking (Walk) and running (Run) trials on different days, with 2-3 days apart. Exercise on a treadmill was started from initial stage of 3 min (3.0 k/m in Walk trial, 5.0 km/h in Run trial), and the speed for walking and running was progressively every minute by 0.5 km/h. The changes in metabolic variables, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise were compared between the trials. [Results] Energy expenditure (EE) increased with speed in each trial. However, the Walk trial had a significantly higher EE than the Run trial at speeds exceeding 92 ± 2 % of the maximal walking speed (MWS, p < 0.01). Similarly, carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was significantly higher in the Walk trial than in the Run trial at above 92 ± 2 %MWS in males (p < 0.001) and above 93 ± 1 %MWS in females (p < 0.05). [Conclusion] These findings suggest that EE and CHO oxidation during walking increase non-linearly with speed, and walking at a fast speed causes greater metabolic responses than running at the equivalent speed in young participants.
( Hyejung Hwang ),( Sahiro Mizuno ),( Nobukazu Kasai ),( Chihiro Kojima ),( Daichi Sumi ),( Nanako Hayashi ),( Kazushige Goto ) 한국운동영양학회 2020 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.24 No.2
[Purpose] The present study investigated the effect of endurance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) performed at either 25% maximal oxygen uptake (V3 O2 max) or 40% V3 O2 max) on muscle oxygenation, energy metabolism, and endocrine responses. [Methods] Ten males were recruited in the present study. The subjects performed three trials: (1) endurance exercise at 40% V3 O2 max without BFR (NBFR40), (2) endurance exercise at 25% V3 O2 max with BFR (BFR25), and (3) endurance exercise at 40% V3 O2 max with BFR (BFR40). The exercises were performed for 15 min during which the pedaling frequency was set at 70 rpm. In BFR25 and BFR40, 2 min of pressure phase (equivalent to 160 mmHg) followed by 1 min of release phase were repeated five times (5 × 3 min) throughout 15 minutes of exercise. During exercise, muscle oxygenation and concentration of respiratory gases were measured. The blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after 15 min of exercise, and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after completion of exercise. [Results] Deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) level during exercise was significantly higher with BFR25 and BFR40 than that with NBFR40. BFR40 showed significantly higher total-hemoglobin (total-Hb) than NBFR40 during 2 min of pressure phase. Moreover, exercise-induced lactate elevation and pH reduction were significantly augmented in BFR40, with concomitant increase in serum cortisol concentration after exercise. Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was significantly higher with BFR40 than that with NBFR40 and BFR25, whereas fat oxidation was lower with BFR40. [Conclusion] Deoxy-Hb and total Hb levels were significantly increased during 15 min of pedaling exercise in BFR25 and BFR40, indicating augmented local hypoxia and blood volume (blood perfusion) in the muscle. Moreover, low-and moderate-intensity exercise with BFR facilitated CHO oxidation.