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1
Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation Influences Skin Conditions of Photo-Aged Women: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Yoon, Hyun-Sun,Kim, Jong Rhan,Park, Gyeong Yul,Kim, Jong-Eun,Lee, Dong Hun,Lee, Ki Won,Chung, Jin Ho American Society for Nutrition 2016 The Journal of nutrition Vol.146 No.1
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<P>Background: The consumption of dietary antioxidants is considered to be a good strategy against photo-aging. However, the results of previous clinical trials that investigated the effects of oral consumption of high-flavanol cocoa products on skin photo-aging have been contradictory. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-flavanol cocoa supplementation would improve the moderately photo-aged facial skin of female participants, by assessing skin wrinkles and elasticity. Methods: We performed a 24-wk, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of cocoa flavanols on cutaneous photo-aging. All participants were moderately photo-aged Korean women with visible facial wrinkles (age range: 43-86 y). Participants were randomly assigned to receive a placebo beverage or cocoa beverage that contained 320 mg total cocoa flavanols/d. We measured wrinkles, skin elasticity, and hydration at baseline and at 12 and 24 wk. The primary endpoint was the mean percentage change in the average roughness value (Rz) at 24 wk. Results: At 24 wk, the mean percentage change in Rz (primary endpoint) was significantly lower in the cocoa group than in the placebo group (-8.7 percentage points; 95% Cl: -16.1, -1.3 percentage points; P= 0.023). The mean percentage changes in gross elasticity, as determined by a cutometer, also differed between the groups at 12 wk (9.1 percentage points; 95% Cl: 1.5, 16.7 percentage points; P= 0.020) and 24 wk (8.6 percentage points; 95% Cl: 1.0, 16.2 percentage points; P= 0.027). However, there were no significant differences in skin hydration and barrier integrity between the 2 groups. Conclusions: In moderately photo-aged women, regular cocoa flavanol consumption had positive effects on facial wrinkles and elasticity. Cocoa flavanol supplementation may contribute to the prevention of the progression of photoaging. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060097.</P>
2
Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidins Can Modulate the Lipopolysaccharide Activation of Polymorphonuclear Cells In Vitro

Kenny, Thomas P.,Shu, Shang-An,Moritoki, Yuki,Keen, Carl L.,Gershwin, M. Eric The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
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Flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa have been reported to possess multiple activities potentially relevant to oxidant defenses, vascular function, and immune function. In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we and others have observed that cocoa can be an anti-inflammatory modulator and that compounds in cocoa are capable of modulating eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation, and the pool size of nitric oxide. The present study extends these findings by examining the in vitro effects of cocoa procyanidins on polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). PMNs, part of the innate arm of the immune system, represent 50-60% of the total peripheral white blood cells and are the first cells to be recruited to the sites of inflammation or injury secondary to bacterial infections. Herein, we demonstrate that certain flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa can moderate a subset of signaling pathways derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of PMNs, mainly, PMN oxidative bursts and activation markers, and they can influence select apoptosis mechanisms. We hypothesize that flavanols and procyanidins can decrease the impact of LPS on the N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-primed PMN ability to generate reactive oxygen species by partially interfering in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
3
Cocoa flavanol supplementation influences skin conditions of photoaged women: a 24-week double- blind, randomized, controlled trial

( Hyun Sun Yoon ),( Gyeong Yul Park ),( Dong Hun Lee ),( Jin Ho Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2
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Background: The consumption of dietary antioxidants isconsidered to be a good strategy against photoaging. However, the effects of oral consumption of high-flavanol cocoa products on skin photoaging have been contradictory. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-flavanol cocoa supplementation would improve the photoaged facial skin of female participants, by assessing skin wrinkles and elasticity. Methods: We performed a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. All participants were moderately photoaged women (age range 43 to 86 years). Participants were randomly assigned to receive a placebo beverage or cocoa beverage that contained 320 mg of total cocoa flavanols per day. We measured wrinkles, skin elasticity at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. Results: At week 24, the mean percentage change in the average roughness (Rz) was significantly lower in the cocoa group than in the placebo group (difference -8.7 percentage points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -16.4 to -0.9; P = 0.029). Gross elasticity (R2), as determined by a cutometer, began to improve after 12 weeks ofsupplementation (difference 9.4 percentage points, 95% CI 2.1 to 16.8; P = 0.013); and the effect was maintained with supplementation continuing for a total of 24 weeks (difference 8.6 percentage points, 95% CI 0.7 to 16.5; P = 0.034). Conclusion: In moderately photoaged women, regular cocoa flavanol consumption has positive effects on facial wrinkles and elasticity.